Why Migraines Occur Essay Example

Why Migraines Occur Essay Headache will in general influence in excess of 300 million individuals from over the world.â For some, the condition is in excess of a cerebral pain and is portrayed by a few unmistakable manifestation phases.â The condition is described by extreme, incapacitating and crippling migraine that regularly needs no description.â The individuals experiencing headache additionally had a few different issues including photophobia, copying, queasiness, heaving, visual aggravations, elevation affliction, etc.â Migraine may have a few other implications.â About 17 billion dollars a year is lost because of lost work, inabilities and human services use owing due to headache.â Through authentic records, it has been proposed that the turmoil has influenced man for more than 7000 years.â However, medication despite everything proceeds not to distinguish the reason and a treatment that could help fix the disorder.â Many individuals don't move toward the specialist to get the confusio n rewarded as they feel that clinical treatment can do next to zero help.â Earlier, logical examination demonstrated that the confusion was a vascular condition, yet today researchers have recognized that it is all the more a neurological condition that grows essentially from pathology in the cerebrum stem cells.â The nerve cell breakdown will in general range across different pieces of the brain.â Today, the specific reason for headache is as yet obscure, yet researchers are building up a few new types of treatment for the condition including quality treatment (subsequent to thinking about the hereditary premise of the infection), sub-atomic science and imaging of the brain.â This would empower to return to typical exercises quicker (Dodick, 2008, Kantor, 2006). The neuro-vascular model which has been embroiled for the reason for headache incorporates vascular and neurological factors.â Another model every now and again being considered is the Convergence Hypothesis that attempts to connect the clinical side effects with the pathophysiology of migraine.â According to this model, headache is viewed as an occasion with a start, a mid and an end.â A manifestation based demonstrative methodology would consider headache during the pinnacle stages.â With the union model, the whole procedure would be gazed upward on including the prodromal, the atmosphere and the end phases.â Using the union model, the occasions can be drawn as a bend when graphed against time (Curtis P. Schreiber, 2005). We will compose a custom paper test on Why Migraines Occur explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Why Migraines Occur explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Why Migraines Occur explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Body Headache is a ceaseless clinical issue portrayed by handicapping migraine, queasiness, retching and photophobia.â In numerous individuals, the pulsating cerebral pain might be experienced on one-side of the face. The condition for the most part happens in 11 % of the individuals in the US. Migraine is increasingly basic in individuals with a family danger of the condition. It happens anyplace between the ages of 10 to 46 years, and is progressively normal in ladies contrasted with men.â In ladies, the condition may even happen past till the age of 55 years.â During the time of pregnancy, the quantity of migranous assaults ordinarily reduces.â During the 1980’s researchers found that headache create because of a turmoil in the veins that gracefully the brain.â However, today obviously the condition creates due changes in the mind, nerve pathways and the synthetic substances present in the cerebrum (Dodick, 2008, Kantor, 2006). Starting with one individual then onto the next, the recurrence, length, seriousness and irritating elements of headache would vary significantly.â On a normal, individuals experience the ill effects of headache, a couple of days each month.â About 10 % of the populace gets the confusion consistently and 20 % get the assaults each 2 to 3 days, and around 14 % build up a genuine rendition of the sickness, in which the side effects are seen each substitute day (Dodick, 2008, Kantor, 2006). A few occasions may trigger or irritate assaults of headache including liquor utilization, parchedness, physical pressure, effort, monthly cycle, enthusiastic pressure, nervousness, occasional, climatic or climate changes, sensitivity, brilliant lights, boisterous commotions, colorific lights, rest modifications, missing suppers, strain cerebral pain, utilization of anti-conception medication pills, absence of rest, remaining at higher elevations, hunger, certain nourishments, smoking, tobacco utilization, and so forth.  Some of the nourishments that can trigger headache assaults incorporate food sources containing tyramine, monosodium glutamate or nitrates. A portion of the nourishments that contain tyramine incorporate red wine, cheddar, smoked fish, liver of chicken, bens, figs, and so on, and nourishments that contain nitrate incorporate franks, salami and bacon.â Other food sources that can likewise trigger headache assaults incorporate citrus organic products, bananas, avoc ados, onions, dairy items, chocolates, pickles, nuts, nutty spread, aged items, etc.â The antiquated Greeks were the ones to coin the word headache from ‘megrim’ meaning hemicrania or uneven headache.â Galen believed headache to be a difficult issue that influenced one portion of the head.â The Greeks viewed as caused because of plummet of the fumes from the liver to the brain.â Later, in the seventeenth century, blood stream deserts were viewed as the primary driver for headache instead of humors.â From the seventeenth century to the 1980’s, the vascular hypothesis end up being capable reason for migraine.â Wolff from the Presbyterian emergency clinic New York thought about that headache was caused because of dilatation and extension of the veins present in the brain.â Once the development of the veins happens, the torment flagging neurons of the cerebrum get initiated, prompting a headache.â Before the cerebral pain really happens, there is a dr op in the blood gracefully to the mind causing choking of the blood vessels.â However, more up to date research work directed in the field of headache exhibits that the confusion is caused not because of vascular adjustments yet because of neurological changes.â Earlier it was felt that vascular progression of the blood in the cerebrum had expanded something like 3-crease times.â truth be told, most recent logical proof obviously recommends that not long before the headache assault, the cerebral blood stream is either ordinary or drops down a piece (Dodick, 2008, Kantor, 2006). The atmosphere that happens before the headache assaults was a genuine piece of information to the researchers that the confusion had a neurological basis.â The quality can be found in two conditions, one in headache as a previous manifestation and the other in epileptic seizures as a piece of the tangible visual mental trips.  The individual in headache would have the option to see stars, splendid lights, flashes, lightning screws, geometric structures, etc.â In certain individuals shortcoming, discourse weaknesses and shivering sensations develop.â In certain individuals, the visual atmosphere may not show up and all, yet in other it might even happen during the whole migraine phase.â Today, researchers have distinguished the specific instrument of this aura.â A rush of extreme nerve action (cortical spreading misery) spreads all through the cortex particularly the territories of vision.â Following the hyperexcitability, there is a period of neural inhibition.â Duri ng the period of serious neuronal movement, there is dynamic terminating and a great deal of vitality is required.â Following the exceptional neuronal terminating, the nerve cells require less amount of blood.â The neuronal terminating spreads at the pace of 2 to 3 millimeters consistently, and this is only the specific rate at which air develops.â Besides influencing vision, the extraordinary neuronal action would likewise influence tangible and engine signals (Dodick, 2008 NINDS, 2008). Studies have obviously demonstrated that hereditary elements assume a significant job in the advancement of migraine.â The hereditary weakness of headache is like different issue, for example, diabetes, hypertension, etc.â In indistinguishable twins, the other twin is at a higher danger of building up the turmoil, when one twin really experiences it.â However, non-hereditary or natural elements assume a significant job in the improvement of migraine.â Genetic elements may expand the sensitivity of the neurons, prompting an unsettling influence in the particle transportation system.â Several different issue may likewise be as a reason for particle transportation deserts including seizures and cardiovascular arrhythmias (Dodick, 2008 NINDS, 2008). The specific manner by which the spreading cortical sadness of neurons causes’ cerebral pain isn't seen plainly, yet researchers feel that the trigeminal nerve might be involved.â The way wherein the trigeminal nerve creates torment uproar isn't comprehended clearly.â When the extreme cortical wretchedness spreads, it causes synthetic changes in the synapses driving the trigeminal nerve to transmit torment sensations.â The spreading gloom can likewise actuate the trigeminal nerves in the subcortical areas prompting headache.â The system of quality may work in both, individuals experiencing headache with or without aura.â However, in individuals who don't experience the ill effects of emanation may create different indications including sleepiness, shortcoming or trouble concentrating.â Besides, contribution of the cortical and the subcortical locales in headache, the mind stem (an old piece of the cerebrum) might be liable for headache pain.â The cerebrum stem co ntains three gatherings of cores that can assume a significant job in migraine.â The cores would repress the terminating of the trigeminal nerve, in this way making the trigeminal neuron fire with no agony signal.â There would be an approaching torment signal albeit really there are no stimuli.â Besides, association of the trigeminal nerve from the mind stem, other senso

Adversity Essay Samples - How To Use This Advice To Write A Strong College Essay

Adversity Essay Samples - How To Use This Advice To Write A Strong College EssayAdversity essay samples can provide students with a glimpse into the challenges that can come their way when they apply to medical school. Many of the challenges that students will face in their time at medical school are often well outside the realm of their own academic abilities. Adversity essays are meant to help students understand what these times may be like for them and help them better handle those types of circumstances.The health care industry is always changing. The medical field is always changing, too. These trends make it easy for new graduates to be caught up in situations that may not be up to their skills and knowledge and take an appropriate amount of time to find their footing.This is why it is so important for students to thoroughly research their career options before they begin the medical school admissions process. When they understand the nature of their career choices, they are b etter prepared to see what options may be available to them and how to prepare themselves for the rigors of the medical school admissions process. It is no different than preparing for undergraduate or graduate school, but the nature of medical school admissions makes the situation much more challenging.In order to be competitive in the medical school applications that are sent out every year, students must write powerful essays that will set them apart from the other applications they may be sent. Although, medical school admissions will never be straightforward, students will still need to be able to write a great essay. A good example of a personal essay can be found in the plight essay samples provided to students.The plight essays are typically written by students who have been admitted to medical school. They describe their struggles that they feel should be shared with other applicants. As the writer, it is your job to make sure that the story is told clearly and passionately , and to see if it will inspire another student to take their own life.Writing personal adversity is an incredibly difficult task. However, if it is handled in the right way, there is the possibility of a student becoming an inspiration to a classmate who is struggling and trying to find his or her place in the world. The most famous example of this is of course John Cusack, whose portrayal of Bob Marley in the movie High Fidelity is based on his own experience in trying to find his place in the world as a medical student.Students should keep in mind that they do not need to write their own stories. Instead, they should find adversity essay samples to help them write their own. There are many professionals who are capable of writing an excellent story about their personal difficulties and who will do so without having to give away any of their identity.The first step is to apply. The second step is to search for good examples of personal hardship that are freely available online. By using these resources, it is possible to be confident in your writing and give your best performance.

Organisational Group Behaviour

Presentation Organizational gathering conduct includes a wide exhibit of points going from humanism, brain research, the board, to correspondence among others. All these rudimentary standards are basic to the arrangement of a successful gathering. This territory is a powerful idea that has gotten a great deal of consideration on the grounds that the different hypotheses with respect to hierarchical gathering conduct are to some degree novel in their application in this context.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Organizational Group Behavior explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More As such, the speculations have existed for a serious long time, for example, the crucial nature of correspondence as an icebreaker in any relationship, yet their particular application to an authoritative setting requires further mastery. Various scholars have endeavored to sort out what fundamental components are essential in accomplishing this attractive mind bogglin g equalization, and the majority of these scholars have wound up composing books that are unreasonably intricate for lay chiefs and gathering pioneers. Along these lines, perusers and creators the same are in the mission for a shortsighted clarification of what involves hierarchical conduct, just as comparable to contextual investigations and genuine instances of how to apply this information. In view of this foundation, this paper tries to utilize the productions of two â€Å"more comprehendible† creators, Ian Brooks’ â€Å"Organisational Behavior: Individuals, Groups and Organisation† (13 Nov 2008) and John Hunt’s â€Å"Managing People at Work: A Manager’s Guide to Behavior in Organisations† (1 Apr 1992), to give a superior comprehension of authoritative gathering conduct ideas and hypothesis. Auxiliary setting There are a few potential section perspectives to hierarchical gathering conduct. One such view puts together its contentions with respect to the time factor and characterizes its talk inside the advanced, emblematic, and postmodern view. This view is an exceptionally broad hypothesis as the better components as inspiration and correspondence are lost in the endeavor to sort authoritative conduct into periods. On the other hand, another view partitions its talk into a bi-pronged configuration including full scale and small scale hierarchical behaviour.Advertising Looking for explore paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Under this view, small scale authoritative gathering conduct centers around the elements of relations between people in bunches inside a specific association, though large scale hierarchical conduct centers around the more extensive point of view of between authoritative and between mechanical connections of hierarchical gatherings. It follows that this measurement is the best view inside the setting of t his paper on the grounds that the subsequent measurement, (full scale) expands on the speculations saw with the principal (miniaturized scale) as they are comparative however applied on a more extensive scale. Accordingly, taking a gander at the full scale level basically elucidates the underlying hypotheses while presenting insignificant extra data that gets huge at the large scale level. The two Brooks and Hunt utilize this point of view in their course books, and this angle helps the peruser in further understanding the ideas they are building. Rule specialist issue and the Incentive Theory (inspiration) This hypothesis is a mixed drink of both human asset and the board hypothesis and is clarified by the two Brooks and Hunt. Customarily, the motivator hypothesis is one among the assortment of inspiration speculations, for example, Maslow’s Hierarchy of necessities, value, and the attributive hypothesis. It places that people need some type of motivation that stimulates the ir longing to accomplish a specific imagined objective. Streams opines that the inspirational power should coordinate the subjects and keep up their fixation upon the achieving of the objective, in any case the power would be ineffectual and the objective would stay slippery. Chase expands on this assessment by alluding to the confused idea of fiscal addition as a motivator. He attests that cash alone can't keep up an individual’s center around accomplishing some objective; besides, he sees that other extraneous factors, for example, the workplace and work satisfaction are key players in looking after inspiration. Nonetheless, an examination led by Fehr and Gotte (2007) demonstrates that money related prizes are the significant main impetuses of improved execution. In this unique circumstance, Brooks neglects to order work puts and value the way that in certain associations particularly in creating nations, laborers would prefer to work under injurious conditions than to lose their solitary wellspring of salary, something that Fehr and Gotte feature plainly in their study.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Organizational Group Behavior explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Laffont and Martimort (20012) likewise note that fiscal prizes stay at the top in the chain of importance of worker inspiration. In today’s free enterprise commercial center most of laborers simply need to have cash, loads of it and in this manner cash stays a key inspiration component. Modern Revolution Brooks and Hunt talk about this idea in spite of the fact that in various measurements. The mechanical upheaval is liable for the broadening of work and the work showcase. It follows that individual gathering individuals have conceivably put resources into human funding to achieve capability in an assortment of assignments. Thus, hierarchical gatherings are frequently penetrated with differing people with similarly as assorted aptitudes ; along these lines, associations needing those abilities end up at a danger of losing invaluable ability and benefits in the event that they are unequipped for dealing with the organisation’s staff according to the ideal gauges. Creeks expresses that, hands on mentors contribute millions every year to inside instructive projects intended to qualify workers and businesses to the particular or tweaked needs of different teams. Nonetheless, he includes, such venture can undoubtedly transform into misfortune explanations if the firm doesn't set its home all together as far as different components important to hold bunch fulfillment. He recommends that authoritative gathering conduct in the 21st century has since moved from the logical methodology hypothesis that solitary expected pioneers to recognize the targets at that point choose redid individuals to satisfy their separate related commitments. Rather, it has moved in accordance with human relations approach, which was an aft ereffect of the Hawthorne examines that decided the hugeness of gathering standards on human conduct and work yield. Past that, the dynamic methodology that implies standards of chance cost becomes possibly the most important factor and affirms that for ideal outcomes, bunch individuals ought to be in a situation to forfeit choices that would not yield ideal conditions for objective accomplishment when making objective arranged decisions.Advertising Searching for explore paper on business financial matters? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More He further expresses that for such a choice to be made, dependability to the gathering is fundamental, and that there exists a few different ways of gaining such devotion including accomplishing bunch part purchase in, which alludes to sentiments of possession in the ideal goals that bunch individuals are required to accomplish. There are a few potential methods for achieving this beginning with including individuals in choice and procedure plan. Building an exhaustive gathering society that the individuals relate to, as a steady during fierce occasions, likewise helps along the violent excursion to accomplishing devotion in a gathering. Also, it is critical to guarantee that in delegating obligations, the procedure is fair and uniform so as to maintain a strategic distance from social loafing, which alludes to the inclination of some gathering individuals adopting an observer strategy leaving most of the assignments to increasingly able individuals. While trying to counter this comp onent, Hunt holds that there ought to be determination of undertakings for each gathering part, to guarantee that each gathering produces results essential for the extensive finish of the assignment. He likewise recommends that individuals ought to be spurred with the goal that they don't feel nonessential and this perspective requires the designation of similarly testing assignments, which require exertion and participation to accomplish. Chase presents the Neo-Human’s relations school idea that is fit for the advanced authoritative gathering because of its loyalty to different well known hypotheses, particularly Maslow’s chain of importance of requirements. In that capacity, individuals will work ideally if every one of the five degrees of human needs, viz. mental, love, wellbeing, regard, and self-actualisation are met. He includes that the self-amazing quality level that Maslow added to his progression close to death additionally requires consideration, as he would see it, this level underscores the unyielding power behind the achievement of humanitarian victories. Furthermore, he recommends hypothesis Y measurements of the board by stating that individuals naturally act mindfully while on an assignment and that the job of initiative is to guarantee that they accomplish their individual objectives through taking a shot at the organisation’s targets. Chase favors hypothesis Y and states that it conveys the sign of genuine authority in any association to get the representatives to function as though they were building their very own business, while working for the association. This idea expands on Brooks’ purchase in idea. By the by, Bobic and Davis (2003) note that hypothesis Y has numerous intrinsic shortcomings, which underscore why numerous organizations have flopped wretchedly in the contemporary commercial center; in this way, they demand that hypothesis X would work best for these organizations. Stewart (2010) echoes these feelings and states that while hypothesis Y may underscore extraordinary compared to other administration methods, it isn't appropriate across board and hence it may score inadequately now and again.

How to Help With My Research Paper

How to Help With My Research PaperIf you want to have a better grade on your AP Research Paper, you need to do several things. You have to study, but you also need to keep in mind that studying alone will not do the trick.I remember the first time I realized that I had a problem with my paper. It was during freshman year. I had submitted a paper about a study about colon cleansing.Unfortunately, my paper received very little attention and by the time it was given for review, I had finished my finals so I was unable to attend the conference or else I would have probably not bothered submitting the paper at all. Thankfully, I learned from my mistakes and graduated.The good news is that you can learn from my experience. Here are a few ways to help you get through the process of researching and writing a solid research paper that will give you a boost in the AP (Advanced Placement) test.One thing that I have found, if you have an old professor who can be trusted, is to simply ask him/her to read your paper. You might be surprised by the good advice that he/she would give you.On the other hand, if your old professor is too busy to attend an exam, you might need to consult another professor in your college. Of course, this has its problems as well. You need to be able to trust the opinion of someone who has taken your class before, and he/she needs to have taken that same class before.The bottom line is that you need to learn how to help yourself with your research paper, even if it is a difficult task. It may take you some time to figure out, but you will eventually get better. Just remember, a little help can go a long way.

Aging A Natural And Inevitable Feat - 1565 Words

Gabrielle Cardina AGNG 200 9 October 2014 Midterm Question 1) Aging is a natural and inevitable feat that every living organism must muster. Although we accept that aging, no matter the rate, happens, some cannot do so without reason nor a formal explanation. Because of these people, there are theories and ideas that were made up to capture the full frame of growing older. I believe that the act of aging can be perceived in two different ways: physically or mentally. These are two completely divergent fields. However, if played together, we can explain the whole gamut of the adventure with age. I conclude the amalgamation of the Age Stratification Theory (Three Theoretical Perspectives, 33) and the Cross-Linking Theory (Personal†¦show more content†¦We learn the responsibilities, social norms, and expectations of each age strata and almost subconsciously achieve them. If these different junctures did not exist, we would not mature (Three Theoretical Perspectives, 33). To encompass aging fully, one must understand the Cross-Linking Th eory. One must also understand the term senescence. Sadly, it is understood that with age comes deterioration. Your immune system decreases its strength along with countless other bodily functions. This theory faultlessly explains why our bodies physically age. In accordance with the Cross-Linking Theory, the sole reason for our body’s demise is called glycation. Unfortunately, glycation production has a positive correlation with our age. It is spellbinding that something so tiny, in this case a glucose molecule, could lead to the very complicated and major event that is our death. As these particles increasingly inhabit our DNA, our basic bodily functions progress in the opposite orientation (Personal Health and Well-Being, 87). In summary, I believe that the only two principles that could successfully capture the aging experience are the Age Stratification and Cross-Linking theories. Aging happens only because we progress through the different stages in our life. Without cr oss-linkage, perhaps an 80 year old could run like their 40. Question 2) What if people could live to be 120 years old? The idea seems

Adoption of Ifrs in Australia - 1101 Words

Internationally, more than 100 countries have adopted International Financial Reporting Standards IFRS or IFRS equivalents, including all EU countries and major Asian countries such as Hong Kong and Singapore which have adopted IFRS almost in their entirety. (KPMG, 2006, pp.11) The adoption of IFRS in Australia through the Australian equivalents of International Financial Reporting Standards (AIFRS) since the beginning of 2005 has reflected how Australia is also part of global momentum for consistency and high quality of financial reporting. Since the formation of International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) in 1973, we see how accounting standards has become an important issue and an on going public concern. IASC was first†¦show more content†¦E.g. SAC 1 and 2 was not mentioned in IASB thus, Australia has to keep some of its standards as they were missing in the international accounting standards. The main advantages of IFRS include increase capital inflows, higher trade volumes and growth in Australia’s capital markets. (Wayne L, 2005. pp10) As well as the support of international harmonization of accounting standards which shows the rest of the world how Australia is also part of the leading countries such as the EU. In addition, the adoption of IFRS means that it would be easier for businesses to expand both within the region and also around the world. (FRC session 2 background paper, 2005 pp.1) This is because so far over 100 nations have already adopted FIRS reporting standards. But let’s not get over excited about the advantage of adopting IFRS. Arguments against IFRS include the high cost involved for small companies which comprise around 80% of Australian companies. Past experience shows that in attracting international companies to list in Australia in respect has no direct relations in the adoption of IFRS. (Wayne L, 2005. pp11) Also, the logic behind having independent accounting standards is that it allows the AASB to access significant control over the company’s financial reports. The fact the Australian financial reporting regime is required to fully adopt IFRS effectively means that theShow MoreRelatedAdoption of Ifrs in Australia - Essay1932 Words   |  8 PagesStandards (IFRS) are an international set of accounting standards. Early in the 21st century, the Australian Accounting Standards board, with guidance from the Financial Reporting Council (FRC), decided to implement IFRS’s throughout Australia. This decision was made so that Australia could participate and contribute to the development of a distinct set of accounting standards that could be used all around the world. This report will explore the process of setting standards in Australia, the effectsRead MoreAustralia s Local Government Ifrs Adoption1310 Words   |  6 Pagesnamed â€Å"The effect of IFRS Adoption on the financial reporting of local government entities† By Kamran Ahmed and Manzurul Alam aims at finding the changes of key accounting components surplus, equity and asset while changing accounting policy from Australian Accounting Standards (AAS) to International Financial Reporting System (IFRS).Introduction of International Financial Reporting System (IFRS) is thought to be a paradigm shifting event in financial reporting system. Australia is one of the firstRead MoreInternational Financial Reporting Standards ( Ifrs ) Conceptual Framework968 Words   |  4 PagesInternational Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) conceptual framework in general. 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TheyRead MoreContemporary Issues Of Accounting Theory Fair Value Measurement Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesOverview After the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) released the IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement in May 2011 for the purpose of completing its joint project with the US Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) on fair value, the Australian Accounting Standard Board (AASB) released the Australian equivalent - AASB 13 Fair Value Measurement in the September of the same year. This standard permitted ea rly adoption but generally started to take effect for the financial reporting periods beginningRead MoreSegment Reporting And Information Disclosure1380 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Segment reporting is the disaggregation of a reporting entity’s financial reports into segments. This paper investigates whether segment reporting is worthwhile and whether the requirements of the new segment-reporting standard (IFRS 8) have had an impact on the way companies disclose segment information. Significance of Segment Reporting Segment reporting is integral to the process of investment analysis and there is a common agreement among financial analysts that such informationRead MoreFinancial Accounting : An Intangible Asset1169 Words   |  5 Pagesreport will focus on the accounting treatment of internally generated intangible assets prior to and after the adoption of IFRS. IFRS are a set of International accounting standards issued by the International accounting standard board stating how particular set of transactions should be shown in the financial statements The accounting treatment for intangible assets prior to adoption of IFRS were that any intangible asset meeting the three main characteristics of an intangible asset can be recognisedRead MoreInternational Financial Reporting Standards And The International Accounting Standards Board1236 Words   |  5 PagesConclusion 10 Reference List 11-12  EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation and the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) are a global language for business affairs that was established in 2001 in order to develop a single set high quality and globally accepted reporting standards. (IFRS - Organisation history, 2016). The point of the IFRS was main stability and transparency in the financial markets around the world by promoting trust, growthRead MoreThe International Financial Reporting Standards1487 Words   |  6 Pagesthe potential use of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), as a substitute method of â€Å"corporate disclosure to its’ current reporting standards (GAAP)†, (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, 2014). This report will analyse the primary benefits and limitations of adopting the IFRS as one of many accounting standards, thus ultimately aiming to provide a convincing recommendation as to its’ adoption and future application in Fujitsus’ operations and methods of financial

Mikado Essay Example For Students

Mikado Essay The Mikado is an operetta that was written by William Schwenck Gilbert and Arthur Sullivan. Gilberts text is a masterpiece of comic writing and Sullivans ever tuneful music is perfectly adapted, serving in a remarkable manner to set off the amusing character of the words. The two have made a script that is familiar to English audiences. From common English humor to the harsh brutality of the English, Gilbert and Sullivan were able to blend English characters into a Japanese setting. Obviously, doing so would make a good comedy but because of false dilemmas, circular reasoning and illogic facts, it added to the humor of the story. The scene takes place in the city of Titipu, in an old-fashioned Japanese period. A seemingly simple story of a man who falls in love with a girl becomes highly complicated and confusing. The story is filled with illogic rules and laws that the Japanese supposedly practiced. Dilemmas and confusion also causes the story to have a funny twist. Nanki-Poo is the son and rightful heir to the Mikado, emperor of Japan. He flees his city not wanting to marry Katisha, the older woman he is supposed to marry. In another city, he falls in love with a girl named Yum-Yum who is supposed to wed an official, Ko-Ko. However, because being with her is impossible, he leaves the city and only returns when he has heard that Ko-Ko has been condemned to death for flirting. The irony is that when he returned, hoping to finally be with his love, he finds out that not only is Ko-Ko still alive, but has been pardoned and promoted to Lord High Executioner of Titipu. Here lies the first problem for Nanki-Poo. As for Ko-Ko, he now is required to find someone that deserves to be executed for the Mikado has been strucked by the fact that no one has been executed in Titipu for a year. He threatens to abolish the office of Lord High Executioner if one is not done within a month. Devastated by the fact that he cannot wed his love, Nanki-Poo contemplates suicide but is slyly persuaded by Ko-Ko to perish at a later date, under the authority of the Executioner himself. The catch is that Nanki-Poo will have a chance to marry Yum-Yum but has to be executed within a month of the marriage. It is indeed humorous that at such a time, some of the other characters start singing Long life to you when it is obvious then that he has to die soon. It is later discovered that under the Mikados law, the widow of a beheaded man would have to be buried alive. Here is a dilemma for the characters. If Yum-Yum marries Nanki-Poo, he will eventually have to be executed and she perish a horrible death. However, if she doesnt marry Nanki-Poo, he would probably commit suicide, and hence there wouldnt be a person to execute. The logic here is faulty and is transformed to humor because it is obvious that no one needs to die in this situation. Fleeing to another city is a choice that none of the characters see. They indulge themselves with meaningless and useles s way outs that would only box themselves later on. Hearing that the Mikado is approaching the city to see if his orders have been carried out, Ko-Ko and Nanki-Poo become nervous. They plot a fake execution and Ko-Ko tells Nanki-Poo to take Yum-Yum and flee the city, for he cannot bear to execute anyone. It is at this time that the Mikado arrives with his entourage and his daughter-in-law elect. The Mikado relates to Ko-Ko about his lost son and asks Ko-Ko if he is in the city. Ko-Ko amusingly replies that he has fled to Knightsbridge, a Japanese exhibition village that opened in England. More trouble occurs when Katisha discovers that on the false death certificate lies the name of her love, Nanki-Poo. Another dilemma occurs here. Katisha claims Nanki-Poo in marriage, but he cant wed her because he has already married Yum-Yum. Consequently, if he returns with Yum-Yum, Katisha would insist on his execution, and in turn Yum-Yum would be buried alive. The story ends with Ko-Ko marrying Katisha. However, his proposal was based on a more complicated theory than that of pure love. Once Katisha accepts Ko-Ko in marriage, Nanki-Poo and Yum-Yum would come back and explain everything. The end of act 2 shows the cast rejoicing and celebrating after a very close call. .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c , .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .postImageUrl , .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c , .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:hover , .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:visited , .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:active { border:0!important; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:active , .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4f3681a388405557ccb9f948372c769c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Enders Game EssayBibliography:

Russian Economic Framework Essays - Stock Market Crashes

Russian Economic Framework Country Analysis Framework Looking at the Russian Economy Focus of a country framework A country framework for these medium-term considerations should yield results useful for investment planning, policy choice, and financial reimbursement where appropriate. This is the focus of the framework outlined in this paper. This framework does not explicitly cover longer term and global level assessments, although one could use an essentially similar framework for those as well. This paper outlines a framework, not a methodology. It is compatible with many different specific methods. The reason for preserving this flexibility is that there are many methods, reflecting somewhat different traditions in modeling and country expertise, and each of these may have its own field of appropriate use. These methods are also evolving rapidly. Yet it is useful to identify, in the midst of these varied circumstances and rapid evolution, which particular general features are essential, or at least highly desirable, and to state these explicitly. The Harvard Business Notes Framework is very comprehensive but not focused to specific line of industry. 1 Country studies 1.1 Background 1.2 Types of country studies System boundaries Global level Country level Sector level Time frames 1.3 Country framework 2 Comparative analysis 2.1 Comparisons 2.2 Baseline strategies 2.3 Alternative strategies 2.4 Increments Comparison Other baseline strategies Other alternative strategies Comparisons using different alternative strategies 2.5 Scenarios 2.6 Cases High growth scenario Reference growth scenario Low growth scenario 2.7 Using the framework Shifts in strategy Increments in cost Sensitivities Counterfactuals Uncertainties Incentives 2.8 Conclusions and observations Comparative analysis Relevant comparisons Consistent comparisons 3 Desirable additions to the framework 3.1 Net analysis 3.2 System analysis 3.3 Economic analysis 3.4 Integrated analysis 3.5 Comprehensive analysis 3.6 Standardized analysis 3.7 National analysis Today A World Bank report on the Russian Federation states that despite the promise and optimism with which the dissolution of the USSR was greeted, the economic transition has not always sustained that optimism. According to the report, Russia still lacks the enduring economic basis to sustain its growth, and the recent uncertainty in the Russian economy only underlines the fragility of this emerging economy. In the following paper, I will describe the state of the Russian economy, how it got there, prospects for the future and recommendations regarding impact on U.S. investors. Reasons for Current Economy With the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, and the end of the Cold War, the West was eager to support Russia and all of the former Eastern Block countries in the transition to Capitalism and democracy. In the article ?Money can't buy me love? in The Economist, Washington based Russia-watcher David Satter, states that the West had a dream of ?a strong, friendly Russian government shouldering its shares of the world's problems?. The West supported democrats and reformers in the hope that their ideas would influence their country. In addition, Russia has been the recipient of large amounts of financial aid and loans from the World Bank, the IMF, and various Western governments. According to their respective web sites, since 1992 the World Bank has approved more than $11.29 billion in loans for projects to Russia, while the IMF has loaned more that $15 billion. Unfortunately, while integration with the world economy has resulted in success stories such as Hungary and Estonia, Russia has continued to struggle. Many of the pro-western politicians turned out to be politically inept, and some outright corrupt. In addition, there is a growing mistrust of the Western ideals and ways. In August of last year, the Russian government defaulted on $40 billion worth of debt in ruble bonds, rocking the world's economy. Before this crisis, the Russian economy appeared to be developing quite nicely. They had a growing middle class and the needs of the poor were being met by a small but thriving volunteer sector. Many businesses, in light of competition from foreign firms was beginning to show promise, and was putting more focus on meeting the needs of shareholders, customers and employees. Also the government had a steady tax revenue stream. Since the crisis however, the economy has been shrinking, and the fledgling middle class has been devastated. Russia still maintains a healthy current account surplus of $18 billion, but dues to the lack of confidence in the economy, most of these dollars are being deposited into stable foreign currency accounts outside of Russia in safe havens such as Switzerland. In addition, little of this money shows up in tax revenue for the government. Russia has a remarkably inefficient tax system, which has allowed widespread nonpayment of taxes. Tax revenues last year were running at

7 talent mistakes that are destroying your bottom line

7 talent mistakes that are destroying your bottom line Recruiting and managing talent has become one of the hottest topics in this hiring market, both for boots on the ground recruiters and the executives who are tasked with strategizing and organizing. If you find you’re getting frustrated by the challenges and stresses of talent management, you’re certainly not alone- but it doesn’t have to be that way. Let’s look at some of the pitfalls you may be experiencing, and how they’re sabotaging your best efforts.1. Limiting diversity to the hiring processOnce you’ve found and hired a diverse team, that checks off the diversity success box, right? Not quite. Finding diverse talent is a great first step, but you need to keep up that momentum among employees, and not just new recruits. It’s important to keep considering how to manage diversity on an ongoing basis, well after the team is in place. Are team leads equipped to manage a diverse team? Are diverse team members supported, culturally, or are they expected to blend in with the homogenous corporate identity?Another key mistake in this area is thinking too narrowly about diversity, and not considering diversity beyond the obvious gender and ethnic differences. There’s also cognitive diversity, which essentially means embracing different thinkers, people who have leadership styles that may seem unorthodox to your company, or personality types that haven’t typically had broad representation at your company before. It’s about diversifying thought and perspective to maximize success, not just about diversifying the demographics.2. Prioritizing change for change’s sakeEveryone wants to be innovative. But are you pushing innovation initiatives at the expense of things that are already working and clicking well? Think of it like those New Year’s Day resolutions. In December, the status quo is happy and merry and full of sugary goodness. January 1, reality hits, and suddenly there are draconi an goals about fitness and diet as an immediate reaction. Try to see change management as a lifestyle change, not a crash diet. Make sure you’re taking stock of what’s working with your talent management, and change things up when it feels right- not because you feel like you should be shuffling things around just to keep up with the times.3. Letting disagreement derail projectsHaving everyone sign off on every project is†¦unlikely. The whole point of having diversity in perspective is making sure that all angles of a project are considered. But when it comes time for the leaders to commit, they need to ensure that naysayers are willing to commit to the project- even if they disagree with the methods. It’s not about making sure everyone comes around to a particular position, but rather that they’re willing to go along with the leader’s final assessment and plan.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});And if there ar e serious fundamental disagreements, those have to be managed as well. Part of this can be done during the recruiting and hiring process, with interview questions designed around determining whether someone is a â€Å"my way or the highway† type of team member, or someone who is comfortable expressing differences, but also being willing to commit to a larger vision.4. Assuming that recruiting priorities and larger company strategy are the same thingThis one can get tricky. Ostensibly, you’re hiring people who will serve the company’s needs and strategies. But hiring is focused on the company’s immediate needs- putting someone in place who can manage the day-to-day right away. That might not always square with where you want the company to go in the next year, three years, ten years. Overcoming this potential gap means focusing on growth goals on both the employee and company levels.This means creating a culture where goals are not only encouraged, but tra cked and managed against the larger company strategy. It means working with people at all levels- executive, managerial, and employee- to create achievable, specific goals that align with the company’s strategic goals. This requires openness about the company’s goals, and a two-way feedback program so that employees aren’t setting their own goals in a vacuum. Studies have shown that employees who feel informed about and engaged in company goals are more satisfied and productive in their jobs.5. Allowing a disconnect between talent and cultureIf your company’s culture is very specific or static, you risk having training and recruiting efforts that aren’t aligned with the realities of working at the company. If employees are trained on processes that are in place just because they always have been in the past, then you’re essentially training them for the past. Talent is then conditioned toward aligning themselves with the status quo- not nece ssarily toward the kind of flexible thinking that could move things forward.This doesn’t mean you have to rewrite your company culture every time someone new comes along but think of the culture as a work in progress, with an emphasis on agility, change, and innovation in the service of the larger company goals. Make sure that your talent is being managed with an eye toward context, and make sure they understand the reasons why they’re being asked to do their jobs a certain way.6. Not focusing on short-term talent developmentWith so much recruiting and management effort focused on employees’ long-term goals, it can be easy to lose sight of the short-term goals that a) help them develop, and b) serve the company in the meantime. Instead of thinking only of the â€Å"five-year plan,† help employees see the â€Å"five-month plan,† and the steps they can take in the meantime.Giving employees opportunities to engage in your organization and join committ ees, make presentations, or lead projects can help short-term development and ensure that employees don’t feel stagnant in their roles- and start looking to take their talents elsewhere.7. Not relying on a core group of â€Å"company evangelists†When it comes down to handing down strategy or goals, don’t forget that your company has an infrastructure in place for supporting and communicating that vision throughout the company. Sometimes called the â€Å"top 100,† this group is typically the CEO, his or her direct reports, and the level of direct reports below that. These employees are familiar with both the company strategy and also what it means in the day-to-day for their teams, so lean on them to make sure that information is communicated and supported throughout the company network. Making sure that you have the support and engagement of this core group will help spread the word to all levels of the company, making it feel less like a royal edict and more like a collective project.None of these mistakes are fatal for a company, but making them can absolutely slow your progress toward your corporate goals. You want your talent management to be as efficient and painless as possible, so knowing and avoiding these common mistakes will definitely benefit you in both the short and the long run.

Research and Discuss the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Term Paper

Research and Discuss the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Term Paper Example Key Components and Primary Objectives of the Act: The basic matters identified and revised in the act included the creation of regulatory board to oversee the activities of the public accounting audit firms, revised standards for auditor’s independence and audit committee, requirement of certification of the SEC’s reports by the executives of the public companies, restricts the rules to prevent insider dealings by the directors and executives, increase in the liability for the non-compliance to the federal securities laws and imposes additional responsibility of the attorney to report non compliance and conflict of interests. (Lipman & Lipman. 2006) 1. Establishment of Public Company Oversight Board: Sarbanes Oxley Act established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to oversee the audits of the public listed companies. It was established to regulate the activities of the auditing firms including the issues of quality control, ethics and independence of auditor s. The aim for its establishment was to increase the confidence of investors and general public. 2. Auditor’s Independence: It focused on strengthening the auditor’s independence by prohibiting the provision of non-audit services (book keeping, internal audit, management, HR functions etc.) to the public companies by the external auditors, mandating the rotation of audit partners on a five year basis and rotation of registered public accounting firms and ensuring no ethical issue arises between the external auditors and the company such as conflict of interest. 3. Enhanced Corporate Governance Requirements: The corporate governance requirements were enhanced in many areas which included the role of audit committee which nave been responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of external auditors, who are required to directly report to the audit committee. Further the audit committee should be made up of independent non- executive directors. Sa rbanes Oxley Act further prohibits the maintenance of any credit or loan or extension of the same to directors or executives of the public companies. The Act even requires the executives such as CEO and the CFO of every public company to certify in each annual and quarterly report to the SEC that the reports have been reviewed and make the representation of the effectiveness of controls specified. 4. Enhanced Disclosure Requirements: Sarbanes Oxley Act enhances the disclosure requirements for the public companies which included increased reporting on the effectiveness of internal controls and financial reporting procedures, disclosures on codes of ethics and explanations in case of non-compliance and disclosures about the transactions by the directors, management and other stakeholders that can cause security concerns. 5. Commission Resources and Enhanced Authority: In order for the SEC to work effectively, provision of additional funding was ensured. Apart from that more power and authority was given to SEC and federal courts to be exercised on companies and individuals where prohibitions are required. It requires the federal regulatory bodies to conduct researches and make reports about the credit rating agencies, roles of investment banks and financial advisors, consolidation of accounting firms and some other matters etc. 6. Enhanced Accountability: The Act strict the rules and regulations and imposes stricter and larger penalties regarding the breach of law, exercising improper

ENTREPRENEUR BUSINESS PLAN Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ENTREPRENEUR BUSINESS PLAN - Research Paper Example This may lead to collapse of the business (TheTopTier Digital Media, 2014). Thus, to become successful entrepreneurs, appropriate skills are required to understand the market well and respond to sudden changes. Of the new ventures in United Kingdom (UK) that have flourished in past years, some have proved to be very successful and rest are earning appropriate profit that can support their venture. United Supercars is a new venture in London, UK, which will focus on selling used supercars in the market at a premium price; since the company will target high profile elite customers. The supercars are very expensive and fast sports cars, which are marketed by automakers as limited production specials. The supercars have a standard look that is modified for enhancing power and performance of these cars. The cars are also customized according to the needs of target customers. However, United Supercars will sell used supercars in London, which will be brought in from Dubai (Wade and Hulland , 2004). In Dubai, supercars are manufactured by very few automakers who sell them at premium prices. The owners of supercars sell these cars after one or two uses and these are exported by Dubai automakers overseas (Connor and Dent, 2006). In London, demand for supercars is high since the young generation is equipped with car racing skills. The demand for supercars from Dubai has increased over the year (UAEInteract, 2014). The automakers in Dubai have realized that there have been 5.4% rise in sale of used supercars to London in 2012 (Auto Exhaust & Tyres, 2014). So, United Supercars has decided to import supercars from Dubai and sell them in London. The affluent families desire to own supercars to enhance their fashion statement. McLaren is a supercar, which is not generally seen on roads of UK since it is not relevant there. This car is exclusively manufactured for the races (Douglas, 2004). The

El Filibusterismo Essay Example for Free

El Filibusterismo Essay Thirteen years after leaving the Philippines, Crisostomo Ibarra returns as Simoun, a rich jeweler sporting a beard and blue-tinted glasses, and a confidant of the Captain-General. He cynically sides with the upper classes, encouraging them to commit abuses against the masses to encourage the latter to revolt against the oppressive Spanish colonial regime. His two reasons for instigating a revolution are at first, to rescue Marà ­a Clara from the convent and second, to get rid of ills and evils of Philippine society. His true identity is discovered by a now grown-up Basilio while visiting the grave of his mother, Sisa, as Simoun was digging near the grave site for his buried treasures. Simoun spares Basilio’s life and asks him to join in his planned revolution against the government, egging him on by bringing up the tragic misfortunes of the latters family. Basilio declines the offer as he still hopes that the country’s condition will improve. Basilio, at this point, is a graduating medical student at the Ateneo Municipal. After the death of his mother, Sisa, and the disappearance of his younger brother, Crispà ­n, Basilio heeded the advice of the dying boatman, Elà ­as, and traveled to Manila to study. Basilio was adopted by Captain Tiago after Marà ­a Clara entered the convent. Simoun, for his part, keeps in close contact with the bandit group of Kabesang Tales, a former cabeza de barangay who suffered misfortunes at the hands of the friars. He was forced to give everything he had owned to the greedy, unscrupulous Spanish friars and the Church. Before joining the bandits, Tales took Simoun’s revolver while Simoun was staying at his house for the night. As payment, Tales leaves a locket that once belonged to Marà ­a Clara. To further strengthen the revolution, Simoun has Quiroga, a Chinese man hoping to be appointed consul to the Philippines, smuggle weapons into the country using Quiroga’s bazaar as a front. Simoun wishes to attack during a stage play with all of his enemies in attendance. He, however, abruptly aborts the attack when he learns from Basilio that Marà ­a Clara had died earlier that day in the convent. A few days after the mock celebration by the stu dents, the people are agitated when disturbing posters are found displayed around the city. The authorities accuse the students present at the panciterà ­a of agitation and disturbing peace and has them arrested. Basilio, although not present at the mock celebration, is  also arrested. Captain Tiago dies after learning of the incident. But before he dies he signs a will. His will originally states that Basilio should inherit all his property but due to this forgery his property is given in parts, one to Santa Clara, one for the archbishop, one for the Pope, and one for the religious orders leaving nothing for Basilio to be inherited. Basilio is left in prison as the other students are released. Basilio is soon released with the help of Simoun. Basilio, now a changed man, and after hearing about Julà ®s suicide, finally joins Simoun’s revolution. Simoun then tells Basilio his plan at the wedding of Paulita Gà ³mez and Juanito, Basilio’s hunch-backed classmate. His plan was to conceal an explosive which contains nitroglycerin inside a pomegranate-styled Ker osene lamp that Simoun will give to the newlyweds as a gift during the wedding reception. According to Simoun, the lamp will stay lighted for only 20 minutes before it flickers; if someone attempts to turn the wick, it will explode and kill everyone—important members of civil society and the Church hierarchy—inside the house. Basilio has a change of heart and attempts to warn Isagani, his friend and the former boyfriend of Paulita. Simoun leaves the reception early as planned and leaves a note behind: Initially thinking that it was simply a bad joke, Father Salvà ­ recognizes the handwriting and confirms that it was indeed Ibarra’s. As people begin to panic, the lamp flickers. Father Irene tries to turn the wick up when Isagani, due to his undying love for Paulita, bursts in the room and throws the lamp into the river, sabotaging Simouns plans. He escapes by diving into the river as guards chase after him. He later regrets his impulsive action because he had contradicted his own belief that he loved his nation more than Paulita and that the explosion and revolution could have fulfilled his ideals for Filipino society. Simoun, now unmasked as the perpetrator of the attempted arson and failed revolution, becomes a fugitive. Wounded and exhausted after he was shot by the pursuing Guardia Civil, he seeks shelter at the home of Father Florentino, Isagani’s uncle, and comes under the care of doctor Tiburcio de Espadaà ±a, Doà ±a Victorinas husband, who was also hiding at the house. Simoun takes poison in order for him not to be captured alive. Before he dies, he reveals his real identity to Florentino while they exchange thoughts about the failure of his revolution and why God forsook him, when all he wanted was to avenge the people important to him that were wronged, such as Elias,  Maria Clara and his father, Don Rafael. Florentino opines that God did not forsake him and that his plans were not for the greater good but for personal gain. Simoun, finally accepting Florentino’s explanation, squeezes his hand and dies. Florentino then takes Simoun’s remaining jewels and throws them into the Pacific Ocean with the corals hoping that they would not be used by the greedy, and that when the time came that it would be used for the greater good.

Direct and Indirect Costs :: Economics

Direct and Indirect Costs Direct costs ============ An organisation can apportion the costs incurred in the production of products or services in either a direct or an indirect manner. The direct costs can be defined as being the amount materials actually cost plus any other directly linked costs, such as labour. (for Quirk, materials, electricity, labour employee and management, machine depreciation) Production materials, machine or assembly wages =============================================== 1. Labour and wages – the cost of obtaining, training and retaining labour is a significantly high cost which must be allocated to each unit of production. There are many legal obligations as well as social and welfare considerations, which add to this high costs total. In order to work out the exact labour and wages costs to be attributed to each unit of production, an organisation must take a careful study of the production process and allocate the appropriate expenses. If, for example, an individual earns  £10 per hour and processes 10 units during that hour, then  £1 of direct costs may simply be added to each unit. Unfortunately, things are not that simple. There are many other individual costs which an organisation must bear in the employment of individuals. These may include employer’s national insurance contributions, pension payments and insurance policy payments. In most organisations, labour and wage costs account for the majority of direct costs. 2. Materials – the costs of materials differ according to the sector in which an organisation operates. As organisation that operates in the primary sector has comparatively low material costs. At the other end of the scale, in the tertiary sector, the costs of finished goods to a retailer for example, will be extremely high. The principal elements that affect the costs of materials should be included in the organisation's overall budgetary controls. In addition, an organisation must also consider the cost of materials in relation to market demands, as these will inevitably cause periodic fluctuations in material costs. Only those materials that are actually used in the production of a product or service should be considered part of the cost of that product or service. Task 2 Page 2 Other consumables used by the organisation are classed as indirect costs and are considered under separate budgets. Indirect costs ================== (for Quirk, rent/rates, sales/ marketing/ insurance/ non-production depreciation management salaries) Indirect costs are costs incurred in the running of an organisation that cannot be easily apportioned to the production process.

Plastic Surgery

There are no secrets that the world is getting more open minded idea of plastic surgery. Cosmetic procedures become a trend among people who are seeking a way to improve their appearance, because everyone wants to be more attractive and pretty. In some countries, plastic surgeon is as common as supermarket. For example, Korea is number one in the world in term of plastic surgery. One of five Korean admitted that they have done cosmetic procedure. Because of the image centric culture in today’s society, more and more people tend to get plastic surgery in order to please the majority standards of beauty. Plastic surgery is just a swallow way in order to conform to this image centric society majority’s standards. People should not just only pursue the ephemeral appearance and overlook the permanent of inside beauty. Plastic surgery is an unnatural way to change people’s appearance. During the surgery, people can effectively improve their appearance in short time. The most common types of surgery such as Botox injection, breast lift and double eyelids surgery are the poplar surgeries that people usually get. Besides, cosmetic surgery is very costly. Surgeons need to spend around thousand dollars for every diagnosis. Furthermore, Cosmetic surgery is actually an operation. That mean the patients need to take risk on the surgery, and the surgery is not also 100 percent success. The operation is very painful and the patients need to take a long time to recover their body. In spite of all the risk they take and the expensive of the surgery, every year, there have uncountable people are still willing to take action on surgery in order to conform to someone else’s standards of beauty. This is what our society look like; the standards of beauty are completely twisted, people are more care about the appearance than their health. It is really understand some people try to get cosmetic surgery to improve their appearance because not t not everyone have an angel face when they born with. That is the reason that people just try to found a way to get satisfied about their appearance. Can we blame on the people who get plastic surgery? No, it is not their fault. This is actually the fault of our society, the fault of human concept. Because of our image centric society, people judge others just only form their appearance. People usually make fun on the person who is ugly or fat, and the ridiculous reason just because the person who born with an unperfected face. Some people are never know about how the disadvantage of an ugly face. Because of the pathological moral concept of this society, plastic surgery is the best way to help some people to conform to someone else’s standards of beauty. The sad thing is plastic surgery can just only change about people’s appearance, it cannot change people’s thought. What people should care more is the moral beauty more than the appearance. That is no reason for us to change our appearance and beauty standards just to conform to someone. The standard of beauty is just an indiscernible thing, and it should be more personal thing which belongs to you. The way to change people’s appearance is not to change about the out looking, is about how to change people’s thought. Plastic Surgery Name: Anna Teacher: Taliasin Subject: writing Date: March 22th 2013 Reseach Essay: Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic; plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. (Kita) There are two types of plastic surgery: cosmetic plastic surgery and reconstructive plastic surgery.Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and breaks; congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or cleft lips; developmental abnormalities; infection and disease; and cancer or tumors. Reconstructive plastic surgery is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance. Cosmetic su rgery involves techniques intend for the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques.It is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. Some common reconstructive surgical procedures include breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent. The most common reconstructive procedures are tumor removal, laceration repair, scar repair, hand surgery, and breast reduction plasty. Wikipedia) There are many types of cosmetic surgery, such as Tummy tuck, Eyelid surgery, Mammoplasty, Lower-body lift, Chemical peel, Labiaplasty, Nose job, Ear surgery, Facelift, Liposuction, Brow lift, Chin augmentation, Cheek augmentation, Cheek lift, Collagen injections and Fat injections, etc. (Nordqvist) And double eyelid surgery is the simplest cosmetic surgery. In A sia, may be a lot of people think that Koreans are the group of people who are most interested in cosmetic surgery. But this idea should be changed because there is data shows that cosmetic surgery in other countries is also very popular, especially in China and India.A few years ago, the international Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Association investigated the quantity of surgery and non-operative procedure face-lifting of 25 countries; the data include the 75% of the total global plastic surgery. The data shows, the plastic surgery number in America occupied 17. 5% of the total; Brazil is the second; and China's the third, occupied 12. 7% of the total; India followed it at fourth. It is important to note that Korea is famous for plastic surgery, but it is arranged at the seventh. Instead, China is the most popular country in cosmetic surgery.According to the article â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery†, China performs more cosmetic surgery than any country except America and Bra zil. It is worth $2. 4 billion. At least 1. 3m licensed procedures were carried out in 2010 in China. ((US))The development of cosmetic surgery is really rapidly because China is growing wealth and beauty is deemed an advantage in many competitive workplaces. People looking for a job have to submit a photograph with their application. People's Ninth Hospital is the busiest hospital for cosmetic surgery in Shanghai.There were 50,000 cosmetic operations in 2011, a 50% increase in five years. Most patients are 20s age. The three most common procedures they required are double eyelid surgery, liposuction and nose jobs. People who want to have plastic surgery need to assume risk because sometimes plastic surgery may fail and have serious consequences. Some people have a failing plastic surgery and spend more money to remedy it, but at last they still became disabled. A Chinese star who named Wang Bei has died because of cosmetic surgery.She wanted to have a facial bone grinding operation , but when she was having the surgery, the blood flow into her weasand. Although she was rescued as much as possible, she still died at last. This created a great sensation to the society. Tong Xiao is a 21-year-old student in the city of Hangzhou who deeply regrets her nose job. She spent 3,500 yuan to make her nose bigger by using silica gel before she went to university. But she soon felt uneasy about the cheap gel. A year later, she stole 10,000 yuan from her father to replace the gel with a material similar to Gore-Tex.Unfortunately, the second surgery failed. Ten months later her nose was too painful to touch. She had to keep telling herself that this is the price of beauty. There is some detailed information on the disadvantages of plastic surgery, such as complications, possibility of physical disability and addiction. (Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery) One of the most obvious shortcomings of plastic surgery is the risk of complications. Our body is sensitive, if something g oes wrong during or after the plastic surgery, it will result in an infection or illness.We also shouldn’t ignore the possibility of physical disability. If you become disabled, you will feel more painful than remaining your original appearance. In addition, some people may be addicted in plastic surgery. They look forward to change more parts of their body after they did it once successfully. However, since plastic surgery is so popular, it must have the advantages can attract people a lot. First of all, a beautiful appearance can improve one’s chances in the job market and help one’s career.Let us assume, some jobs related to public relations, mass media or other things require pleasant appearances, which may represent the image of the department or group, like airline stewardess and Miss Sales. In the second place, plastic surgery helps people gain confidence which makes them have more courage to do many things and enhance the probability of success. Because many people lack confidence for they don’t have good looks. Thirdly, with the development of technology and medical science, the risks and costs of plastic surgery can be minimized.And people won’t pay so much money to become more beautiful. Nowadays, public opinion for the cosmetic surgery has many different views. According to the survey analysis, the public opinion about cosmetic surgery can be classified into three types: one is support by action; the second is that people understand it but won’t do it themselves; the third is disagreeing with cosmetic surgery. The development of science and technology and change of notion of people respectively make cosmetic surgery more popular. Cosmetic surgery is wonderful and magical by using the technology and science to some extent.Some people choose cosmetic surgery because a beautiful appearance is their choice of purpose. Some people choose cosmetic surgery due to inborn or accident disfigurement of body. A few peo ple choose cosmetic surgery in order to look like their idol. Person who understands it but won’t do it themselves because people’s education and concept are changing as time goes by. So, most people accept this phenomenon calmly. They would not do it for the investigation of surgery and the damage of body. People who disagree with it because they think cosmetic surgery is really harmful for body.A person's appearance cannot represent his behavior, people’s inner is more important than his appearance. In my opinion, it depends on different conditions. Only people themselves can decide if plastic surgery is right for them. Meanwhile, they should know much information and think deliberately before they make a decision. In addition, having plastic surgery does not necessarily mean neglecting inner beauty. It is understood that some companies would not hire a person only with an appealing appearance but without enough capability.Real beauty is a combination of exter nal and internal beauty. It includes excellence behavior, character and education. Therefore, we should have confidence and be positive. Work cited BIBLIOGRAPHY (US), The Economist. â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery. † 12 May 2012. http://0-go. galegroup. com. ilsprod. lib. neu. edu/ps/infomark. do? sPage=52;userGroupName=mlin_b_northest;prodId=PROF;searchType=AdvancedSearchForm;queryId=Locale%28en%2CUS%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28sn%2C9%290013-0613%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28vo%2C3%29403%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28sp%2C. Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery. † n. d. http://lifestyle. iloveindia. com/lounge/disadvantages-of-plastic-surgery-5535. html. Kita, Natalie. â€Å"What is Plastic Surgery? † 10 March 2009. http://plasticsurgery. about. com/od/historyofplasticsurgery/a/what_is_PS. htm. NordqvistChristian. â€Å"What Is Cosmetic Surgery? What Is Plastic Surgery? † 2009 ? Jun? 30 ?. http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/155757. php. Wikipedia. â€Å"Reconstructive surgery. â₠¬  27 February 2013. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reconstructive_surgery. Plastic Surgery There are no secrets that the world is getting more open minded idea of plastic surgery. Cosmetic procedures become a trend among people who are seeking a way to improve their appearance, because everyone wants to be more attractive and pretty. In some countries, plastic surgeon is as common as supermarket. For example, Korea is number one in the world in term of plastic surgery. One of five Korean admitted that they have done cosmetic procedure. Because of the image centric culture in today’s society, more and more people tend to get plastic surgery in order to please the majority standards of beauty. Plastic surgery is just a swallow way in order to conform to this image centric society majority’s standards. People should not just only pursue the ephemeral appearance and overlook the permanent of inside beauty. Plastic surgery is an unnatural way to change people’s appearance. During the surgery, people can effectively improve their appearance in short time. The most common types of surgery such as Botox injection, breast lift and double eyelids surgery are the poplar surgeries that people usually get. Besides, cosmetic surgery is very costly. Surgeons need to spend around thousand dollars for every diagnosis. Furthermore, Cosmetic surgery is actually an operation. That mean the patients need to take risk on the surgery, and the surgery is not also 100 percent success. The operation is very painful and the patients need to take a long time to recover their body. In spite of all the risk they take and the expensive of the surgery, every year, there have uncountable people are still willing to take action on surgery in order to conform to someone else’s standards of beauty. This is what our society look like; the standards of beauty are completely twisted, people are more care about the appearance than their health. It is really understand some people try to get cosmetic surgery to improve their appearance because not t not everyone have an angel face when they born with. That is the reason that people just try to found a way to get satisfied about their appearance. Can we blame on the people who get plastic surgery? No, it is not their fault. This is actually the fault of our society, the fault of human concept. Because of our image centric society, people judge others just only form their appearance. People usually make fun on the person who is ugly or fat, and the ridiculous reason just because the person who born with an unperfected face. Some people are never know about how the disadvantage of an ugly face. Because of the pathological moral concept of this society, plastic surgery is the best way to help some people to conform to someone else’s standards of beauty. The sad thing is plastic surgery can just only change about people’s appearance, it cannot change people’s thought. What people should care more is the moral beauty more than the appearance. That is no reason for us to change our appearance and beauty standards just to conform to someone. The standard of beauty is just an indiscernible thing, and it should be more personal thing which belongs to you. The way to change people’s appearance is not to change about the out looking, is about how to change people’s thought. Plastic Surgery Name: Anna Teacher: Taliasin Subject: writing Date: March 22th 2013 Reseach Essay: Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic; plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. (Kita) There are two types of plastic surgery: cosmetic plastic surgery and reconstructive plastic surgery.Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and breaks; congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or cleft lips; developmental abnormalities; infection and disease; and cancer or tumors. Reconstructive plastic surgery is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance. Cosmetic su rgery involves techniques intend for the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques.It is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. Some common reconstructive surgical procedures include breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent. The most common reconstructive procedures are tumor removal, laceration repair, scar repair, hand surgery, and breast reduction plasty. Wikipedia) There are many types of cosmetic surgery, such as Tummy tuck, Eyelid surgery, Mammoplasty, Lower-body lift, Chemical peel, Labiaplasty, Nose job, Ear surgery, Facelift, Liposuction, Brow lift, Chin augmentation, Cheek augmentation, Cheek lift, Collagen injections and Fat injections, etc. (Nordqvist) And double eyelid surgery is the simplest cosmetic surgery. In A sia, may be a lot of people think that Koreans are the group of people who are most interested in cosmetic surgery. But this idea should be changed because there is data shows that cosmetic surgery in other countries is also very popular, especially in China and India.A few years ago, the international Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Association investigated the quantity of surgery and non-operative procedure face-lifting of 25 countries; the data include the 75% of the total global plastic surgery. The data shows, the plastic surgery number in America occupied 17. 5% of the total; Brazil is the second; and China's the third, occupied 12. 7% of the total; India followed it at fourth. It is important to note that Korea is famous for plastic surgery, but it is arranged at the seventh. Instead, China is the most popular country in cosmetic surgery.According to the article â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery†, China performs more cosmetic surgery than any country except America and Bra zil. It is worth $2. 4 billion. At least 1. 3m licensed procedures were carried out in 2010 in China. ((US))The development of cosmetic surgery is really rapidly because China is growing wealth and beauty is deemed an advantage in many competitive workplaces. People looking for a job have to submit a photograph with their application. People's Ninth Hospital is the busiest hospital for cosmetic surgery in Shanghai.There were 50,000 cosmetic operations in 2011, a 50% increase in five years. Most patients are 20s age. The three most common procedures they required are double eyelid surgery, liposuction and nose jobs. People who want to have plastic surgery need to assume risk because sometimes plastic surgery may fail and have serious consequences. Some people have a failing plastic surgery and spend more money to remedy it, but at last they still became disabled. A Chinese star who named Wang Bei has died because of cosmetic surgery.She wanted to have a facial bone grinding operation , but when she was having the surgery, the blood flow into her weasand. Although she was rescued as much as possible, she still died at last. This created a great sensation to the society. Tong Xiao is a 21-year-old student in the city of Hangzhou who deeply regrets her nose job. She spent 3,500 yuan to make her nose bigger by using silica gel before she went to university. But she soon felt uneasy about the cheap gel. A year later, she stole 10,000 yuan from her father to replace the gel with a material similar to Gore-Tex.Unfortunately, the second surgery failed. Ten months later her nose was too painful to touch. She had to keep telling herself that this is the price of beauty. There is some detailed information on the disadvantages of plastic surgery, such as complications, possibility of physical disability and addiction. (Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery) One of the most obvious shortcomings of plastic surgery is the risk of complications. Our body is sensitive, if something g oes wrong during or after the plastic surgery, it will result in an infection or illness.We also shouldn’t ignore the possibility of physical disability. If you become disabled, you will feel more painful than remaining your original appearance. In addition, some people may be addicted in plastic surgery. They look forward to change more parts of their body after they did it once successfully. However, since plastic surgery is so popular, it must have the advantages can attract people a lot. First of all, a beautiful appearance can improve one’s chances in the job market and help one’s career.Let us assume, some jobs related to public relations, mass media or other things require pleasant appearances, which may represent the image of the department or group, like airline stewardess and Miss Sales. In the second place, plastic surgery helps people gain confidence which makes them have more courage to do many things and enhance the probability of success. Because many people lack confidence for they don’t have good looks. Thirdly, with the development of technology and medical science, the risks and costs of plastic surgery can be minimized.And people won’t pay so much money to become more beautiful. Nowadays, public opinion for the cosmetic surgery has many different views. According to the survey analysis, the public opinion about cosmetic surgery can be classified into three types: one is support by action; the second is that people understand it but won’t do it themselves; the third is disagreeing with cosmetic surgery. The development of science and technology and change of notion of people respectively make cosmetic surgery more popular. Cosmetic surgery is wonderful and magical by using the technology and science to some extent.Some people choose cosmetic surgery because a beautiful appearance is their choice of purpose. Some people choose cosmetic surgery due to inborn or accident disfigurement of body. A few peo ple choose cosmetic surgery in order to look like their idol. Person who understands it but won’t do it themselves because people’s education and concept are changing as time goes by. So, most people accept this phenomenon calmly. They would not do it for the investigation of surgery and the damage of body. People who disagree with it because they think cosmetic surgery is really harmful for body.A person's appearance cannot represent his behavior, people’s inner is more important than his appearance. In my opinion, it depends on different conditions. Only people themselves can decide if plastic surgery is right for them. Meanwhile, they should know much information and think deliberately before they make a decision. In addition, having plastic surgery does not necessarily mean neglecting inner beauty. It is understood that some companies would not hire a person only with an appealing appearance but without enough capability.Real beauty is a combination of exter nal and internal beauty. It includes excellence behavior, character and education. Therefore, we should have confidence and be positive. Work cited BIBLIOGRAPHY (US), The Economist. â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery. † 12 May 2012. http://0-go. galegroup. com. ilsprod. lib. neu. edu/ps/infomark. do? sPage=52;userGroupName=mlin_b_northest;prodId=PROF;searchType=AdvancedSearchForm;queryId=Locale%28en%2CUS%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28sn%2C9%290013-0613%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28vo%2C3%29403%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28sp%2C. Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery. † n. d. http://lifestyle. iloveindia. com/lounge/disadvantages-of-plastic-surgery-5535. html. Kita, Natalie. â€Å"What is Plastic Surgery? † 10 March 2009. http://plasticsurgery. about. com/od/historyofplasticsurgery/a/what_is_PS. htm. NordqvistChristian. â€Å"What Is Cosmetic Surgery? What Is Plastic Surgery? † 2009 ? Jun? 30 ?. http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/155757. php. Wikipedia. â€Å"Reconstructive surgery. â₠¬  27 February 2013. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reconstructive_surgery. Plastic Surgery Name: Anna Teacher: Taliasin Subject: writing Date: March 22th 2013 Reseach Essay: Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic; plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. (Kita) There are two types of plastic surgery: cosmetic plastic surgery and reconstructive plastic surgery.Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and breaks; congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or cleft lips; developmental abnormalities; infection and disease; and cancer or tumors. Reconstructive plastic surgery is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance. Cosmetic su rgery involves techniques intend for the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques.It is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. Some common reconstructive surgical procedures include breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent. The most common reconstructive procedures are tumor removal, laceration repair, scar repair, hand surgery, and breast reduction plasty. Wikipedia) There are many types of cosmetic surgery, such as Tummy tuck, Eyelid surgery, Mammoplasty, Lower-body lift, Chemical peel, Labiaplasty, Nose job, Ear surgery, Facelift, Liposuction, Brow lift, Chin augmentation, Cheek augmentation, Cheek lift, Collagen injections and Fat injections, etc. (Nordqvist) And double eyelid surgery is the simplest cosmetic surgery. In A sia, may be a lot of people think that Koreans are the group of people who are most interested in cosmetic surgery. But this idea should be changed because there is data shows that cosmetic surgery in other countries is also very popular, especially in China and India.A few years ago, the international Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Association investigated the quantity of surgery and non-operative procedure face-lifting of 25 countries; the data include the 75% of the total global plastic surgery. The data shows, the plastic surgery number in America occupied 17. 5% of the total; Brazil is the second; and China's the third, occupied 12. 7% of the total; India followed it at fourth. It is important to note that Korea is famous for plastic surgery, but it is arranged at the seventh. Instead, China is the most popular country in cosmetic surgery.According to the article â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery†, China performs more cosmetic surgery than any country except America and Bra zil. It is worth $2. 4 billion. At least 1. 3m licensed procedures were carried out in 2010 in China. ((US))The development of cosmetic surgery is really rapidly because China is growing wealth and beauty is deemed an advantage in many competitive workplaces. People looking for a job have to submit a photograph with their application. People's Ninth Hospital is the busiest hospital for cosmetic surgery in Shanghai.There were 50,000 cosmetic operations in 2011, a 50% increase in five years. Most patients are 20s age. The three most common procedures they required are double eyelid surgery, liposuction and nose jobs. People who want to have plastic surgery need to assume risk because sometimes plastic surgery may fail and have serious consequences. Some people have a failing plastic surgery and spend more money to remedy it, but at last they still became disabled. A Chinese star who named Wang Bei has died because of cosmetic surgery.She wanted to have a facial bone grinding operation , but when she was having the surgery, the blood flow into her weasand. Although she was rescued as much as possible, she still died at last. This created a great sensation to the society. Tong Xiao is a 21-year-old student in the city of Hangzhou who deeply regrets her nose job. She spent 3,500 yuan to make her nose bigger by using silica gel before she went to university. But she soon felt uneasy about the cheap gel. A year later, she stole 10,000 yuan from her father to replace the gel with a material similar to Gore-Tex.Unfortunately, the second surgery failed. Ten months later her nose was too painful to touch. She had to keep telling herself that this is the price of beauty. There is some detailed information on the disadvantages of plastic surgery, such as complications, possibility of physical disability and addiction. (Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery) One of the most obvious shortcomings of plastic surgery is the risk of complications. Our body is sensitive, if something g oes wrong during or after the plastic surgery, it will result in an infection or illness.We also shouldn’t ignore the possibility of physical disability. If you become disabled, you will feel more painful than remaining your original appearance. In addition, some people may be addicted in plastic surgery. They look forward to change more parts of their body after they did it once successfully. However, since plastic surgery is so popular, it must have the advantages can attract people a lot. First of all, a beautiful appearance can improve one’s chances in the job market and help one’s career.Let us assume, some jobs related to public relations, mass media or other things require pleasant appearances, which may represent the image of the department or group, like airline stewardess and Miss Sales. In the second place, plastic surgery helps people gain confidence which makes them have more courage to do many things and enhance the probability of success. Because many people lack confidence for they don’t have good looks. Thirdly, with the development of technology and medical science, the risks and costs of plastic surgery can be minimized.And people won’t pay so much money to become more beautiful. Nowadays, public opinion for the cosmetic surgery has many different views. According to the survey analysis, the public opinion about cosmetic surgery can be classified into three types: one is support by action; the second is that people understand it but won’t do it themselves; the third is disagreeing with cosmetic surgery. The development of science and technology and change of notion of people respectively make cosmetic surgery more popular. Cosmetic surgery is wonderful and magical by using the technology and science to some extent.Some people choose cosmetic surgery because a beautiful appearance is their choice of purpose. Some people choose cosmetic surgery due to inborn or accident disfigurement of body. A few peo ple choose cosmetic surgery in order to look like their idol. Person who understands it but won’t do it themselves because people’s education and concept are changing as time goes by. So, most people accept this phenomenon calmly. They would not do it for the investigation of surgery and the damage of body. People who disagree with it because they think cosmetic surgery is really harmful for body.A person's appearance cannot represent his behavior, people’s inner is more important than his appearance. In my opinion, it depends on different conditions. Only people themselves can decide if plastic surgery is right for them. Meanwhile, they should know much information and think deliberately before they make a decision. In addition, having plastic surgery does not necessarily mean neglecting inner beauty. It is understood that some companies would not hire a person only with an appealing appearance but without enough capability.Real beauty is a combination of exter nal and internal beauty. It includes excellence behavior, character and education. Therefore, we should have confidence and be positive. Work cited BIBLIOGRAPHY (US), The Economist. â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery. † 12 May 2012. http://0-go. galegroup. com. ilsprod. lib. neu. edu/ps/infomark. do? sPage=52;userGroupName=mlin_b_northest;prodId=PROF;searchType=AdvancedSearchForm;queryId=Locale%28en%2CUS%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28sn%2C9%290013-0613%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28vo%2C3%29403%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28sp%2C. Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery. † n. d. http://lifestyle. iloveindia. com/lounge/disadvantages-of-plastic-surgery-5535. html. Kita, Natalie. â€Å"What is Plastic Surgery? † 10 March 2009. http://plasticsurgery. about. com/od/historyofplasticsurgery/a/what_is_PS. htm. NordqvistChristian. â€Å"What Is Cosmetic Surgery? What Is Plastic Surgery? † 2009 ? Jun? 30 ?. http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/155757. php. Wikipedia. â€Å"Reconstructive surgery. â₠¬  27 February 2013. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reconstructive_surgery.