Russian Economic Framework Essays - Stock Market Crashes

Russian Economic Framework Country Analysis Framework Looking at the Russian Economy Focus of a country framework A country framework for these medium-term considerations should yield results useful for investment planning, policy choice, and financial reimbursement where appropriate. This is the focus of the framework outlined in this paper. This framework does not explicitly cover longer term and global level assessments, although one could use an essentially similar framework for those as well. This paper outlines a framework, not a methodology. It is compatible with many different specific methods. The reason for preserving this flexibility is that there are many methods, reflecting somewhat different traditions in modeling and country expertise, and each of these may have its own field of appropriate use. These methods are also evolving rapidly. Yet it is useful to identify, in the midst of these varied circumstances and rapid evolution, which particular general features are essential, or at least highly desirable, and to state these explicitly. The Harvard Business Notes Framework is very comprehensive but not focused to specific line of industry. 1 Country studies 1.1 Background 1.2 Types of country studies System boundaries Global level Country level Sector level Time frames 1.3 Country framework 2 Comparative analysis 2.1 Comparisons 2.2 Baseline strategies 2.3 Alternative strategies 2.4 Increments Comparison Other baseline strategies Other alternative strategies Comparisons using different alternative strategies 2.5 Scenarios 2.6 Cases High growth scenario Reference growth scenario Low growth scenario 2.7 Using the framework Shifts in strategy Increments in cost Sensitivities Counterfactuals Uncertainties Incentives 2.8 Conclusions and observations Comparative analysis Relevant comparisons Consistent comparisons 3 Desirable additions to the framework 3.1 Net analysis 3.2 System analysis 3.3 Economic analysis 3.4 Integrated analysis 3.5 Comprehensive analysis 3.6 Standardized analysis 3.7 National analysis Today A World Bank report on the Russian Federation states that despite the promise and optimism with which the dissolution of the USSR was greeted, the economic transition has not always sustained that optimism. According to the report, Russia still lacks the enduring economic basis to sustain its growth, and the recent uncertainty in the Russian economy only underlines the fragility of this emerging economy. In the following paper, I will describe the state of the Russian economy, how it got there, prospects for the future and recommendations regarding impact on U.S. investors. Reasons for Current Economy With the fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, and the end of the Cold War, the West was eager to support Russia and all of the former Eastern Block countries in the transition to Capitalism and democracy. In the article ?Money can't buy me love? in The Economist, Washington based Russia-watcher David Satter, states that the West had a dream of ?a strong, friendly Russian government shouldering its shares of the world's problems?. The West supported democrats and reformers in the hope that their ideas would influence their country. In addition, Russia has been the recipient of large amounts of financial aid and loans from the World Bank, the IMF, and various Western governments. According to their respective web sites, since 1992 the World Bank has approved more than $11.29 billion in loans for projects to Russia, while the IMF has loaned more that $15 billion. Unfortunately, while integration with the world economy has resulted in success stories such as Hungary and Estonia, Russia has continued to struggle. Many of the pro-western politicians turned out to be politically inept, and some outright corrupt. In addition, there is a growing mistrust of the Western ideals and ways. In August of last year, the Russian government defaulted on $40 billion worth of debt in ruble bonds, rocking the world's economy. Before this crisis, the Russian economy appeared to be developing quite nicely. They had a growing middle class and the needs of the poor were being met by a small but thriving volunteer sector. Many businesses, in light of competition from foreign firms was beginning to show promise, and was putting more focus on meeting the needs of shareholders, customers and employees. Also the government had a steady tax revenue stream. Since the crisis however, the economy has been shrinking, and the fledgling middle class has been devastated. Russia still maintains a healthy current account surplus of $18 billion, but dues to the lack of confidence in the economy, most of these dollars are being deposited into stable foreign currency accounts outside of Russia in safe havens such as Switzerland. In addition, little of this money shows up in tax revenue for the government. Russia has a remarkably inefficient tax system, which has allowed widespread nonpayment of taxes. Tax revenues last year were running at

7 talent mistakes that are destroying your bottom line

7 talent mistakes that are destroying your bottom line Recruiting and managing talent has become one of the hottest topics in this hiring market, both for boots on the ground recruiters and the executives who are tasked with strategizing and organizing. If you find you’re getting frustrated by the challenges and stresses of talent management, you’re certainly not alone- but it doesn’t have to be that way. Let’s look at some of the pitfalls you may be experiencing, and how they’re sabotaging your best efforts.1. Limiting diversity to the hiring processOnce you’ve found and hired a diverse team, that checks off the diversity success box, right? Not quite. Finding diverse talent is a great first step, but you need to keep up that momentum among employees, and not just new recruits. It’s important to keep considering how to manage diversity on an ongoing basis, well after the team is in place. Are team leads equipped to manage a diverse team? Are diverse team members supported, culturally, or are they expected to blend in with the homogenous corporate identity?Another key mistake in this area is thinking too narrowly about diversity, and not considering diversity beyond the obvious gender and ethnic differences. There’s also cognitive diversity, which essentially means embracing different thinkers, people who have leadership styles that may seem unorthodox to your company, or personality types that haven’t typically had broad representation at your company before. It’s about diversifying thought and perspective to maximize success, not just about diversifying the demographics.2. Prioritizing change for change’s sakeEveryone wants to be innovative. But are you pushing innovation initiatives at the expense of things that are already working and clicking well? Think of it like those New Year’s Day resolutions. In December, the status quo is happy and merry and full of sugary goodness. January 1, reality hits, and suddenly there are draconi an goals about fitness and diet as an immediate reaction. Try to see change management as a lifestyle change, not a crash diet. Make sure you’re taking stock of what’s working with your talent management, and change things up when it feels right- not because you feel like you should be shuffling things around just to keep up with the times.3. Letting disagreement derail projectsHaving everyone sign off on every project is†¦unlikely. The whole point of having diversity in perspective is making sure that all angles of a project are considered. But when it comes time for the leaders to commit, they need to ensure that naysayers are willing to commit to the project- even if they disagree with the methods. It’s not about making sure everyone comes around to a particular position, but rather that they’re willing to go along with the leader’s final assessment and plan.hbspt.cta.load(2785852, '9e52c197-5b5b-45e6-af34-d56403f973c5', {});And if there ar e serious fundamental disagreements, those have to be managed as well. Part of this can be done during the recruiting and hiring process, with interview questions designed around determining whether someone is a â€Å"my way or the highway† type of team member, or someone who is comfortable expressing differences, but also being willing to commit to a larger vision.4. Assuming that recruiting priorities and larger company strategy are the same thingThis one can get tricky. Ostensibly, you’re hiring people who will serve the company’s needs and strategies. But hiring is focused on the company’s immediate needs- putting someone in place who can manage the day-to-day right away. That might not always square with where you want the company to go in the next year, three years, ten years. Overcoming this potential gap means focusing on growth goals on both the employee and company levels.This means creating a culture where goals are not only encouraged, but tra cked and managed against the larger company strategy. It means working with people at all levels- executive, managerial, and employee- to create achievable, specific goals that align with the company’s strategic goals. This requires openness about the company’s goals, and a two-way feedback program so that employees aren’t setting their own goals in a vacuum. Studies have shown that employees who feel informed about and engaged in company goals are more satisfied and productive in their jobs.5. Allowing a disconnect between talent and cultureIf your company’s culture is very specific or static, you risk having training and recruiting efforts that aren’t aligned with the realities of working at the company. If employees are trained on processes that are in place just because they always have been in the past, then you’re essentially training them for the past. Talent is then conditioned toward aligning themselves with the status quo- not nece ssarily toward the kind of flexible thinking that could move things forward.This doesn’t mean you have to rewrite your company culture every time someone new comes along but think of the culture as a work in progress, with an emphasis on agility, change, and innovation in the service of the larger company goals. Make sure that your talent is being managed with an eye toward context, and make sure they understand the reasons why they’re being asked to do their jobs a certain way.6. Not focusing on short-term talent developmentWith so much recruiting and management effort focused on employees’ long-term goals, it can be easy to lose sight of the short-term goals that a) help them develop, and b) serve the company in the meantime. Instead of thinking only of the â€Å"five-year plan,† help employees see the â€Å"five-month plan,† and the steps they can take in the meantime.Giving employees opportunities to engage in your organization and join committ ees, make presentations, or lead projects can help short-term development and ensure that employees don’t feel stagnant in their roles- and start looking to take their talents elsewhere.7. Not relying on a core group of â€Å"company evangelists†When it comes down to handing down strategy or goals, don’t forget that your company has an infrastructure in place for supporting and communicating that vision throughout the company. Sometimes called the â€Å"top 100,† this group is typically the CEO, his or her direct reports, and the level of direct reports below that. These employees are familiar with both the company strategy and also what it means in the day-to-day for their teams, so lean on them to make sure that information is communicated and supported throughout the company network. Making sure that you have the support and engagement of this core group will help spread the word to all levels of the company, making it feel less like a royal edict and more like a collective project.None of these mistakes are fatal for a company, but making them can absolutely slow your progress toward your corporate goals. You want your talent management to be as efficient and painless as possible, so knowing and avoiding these common mistakes will definitely benefit you in both the short and the long run.

Research and Discuss the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 Term Paper

Research and Discuss the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 - Term Paper Example Key Components and Primary Objectives of the Act: The basic matters identified and revised in the act included the creation of regulatory board to oversee the activities of the public accounting audit firms, revised standards for auditor’s independence and audit committee, requirement of certification of the SEC’s reports by the executives of the public companies, restricts the rules to prevent insider dealings by the directors and executives, increase in the liability for the non-compliance to the federal securities laws and imposes additional responsibility of the attorney to report non compliance and conflict of interests. (Lipman & Lipman. 2006) 1. Establishment of Public Company Oversight Board: Sarbanes Oxley Act established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board to oversee the audits of the public listed companies. It was established to regulate the activities of the auditing firms including the issues of quality control, ethics and independence of auditor s. The aim for its establishment was to increase the confidence of investors and general public. 2. Auditor’s Independence: It focused on strengthening the auditor’s independence by prohibiting the provision of non-audit services (book keeping, internal audit, management, HR functions etc.) to the public companies by the external auditors, mandating the rotation of audit partners on a five year basis and rotation of registered public accounting firms and ensuring no ethical issue arises between the external auditors and the company such as conflict of interest. 3. Enhanced Corporate Governance Requirements: The corporate governance requirements were enhanced in many areas which included the role of audit committee which nave been responsible for the appointment, compensation and oversight of the work of external auditors, who are required to directly report to the audit committee. Further the audit committee should be made up of independent non- executive directors. Sa rbanes Oxley Act further prohibits the maintenance of any credit or loan or extension of the same to directors or executives of the public companies. The Act even requires the executives such as CEO and the CFO of every public company to certify in each annual and quarterly report to the SEC that the reports have been reviewed and make the representation of the effectiveness of controls specified. 4. Enhanced Disclosure Requirements: Sarbanes Oxley Act enhances the disclosure requirements for the public companies which included increased reporting on the effectiveness of internal controls and financial reporting procedures, disclosures on codes of ethics and explanations in case of non-compliance and disclosures about the transactions by the directors, management and other stakeholders that can cause security concerns. 5. Commission Resources and Enhanced Authority: In order for the SEC to work effectively, provision of additional funding was ensured. Apart from that more power and authority was given to SEC and federal courts to be exercised on companies and individuals where prohibitions are required. It requires the federal regulatory bodies to conduct researches and make reports about the credit rating agencies, roles of investment banks and financial advisors, consolidation of accounting firms and some other matters etc. 6. Enhanced Accountability: The Act strict the rules and regulations and imposes stricter and larger penalties regarding the breach of law, exercising improper

ENTREPRENEUR BUSINESS PLAN Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ENTREPRENEUR BUSINESS PLAN - Research Paper Example This may lead to collapse of the business (TheTopTier Digital Media, 2014). Thus, to become successful entrepreneurs, appropriate skills are required to understand the market well and respond to sudden changes. Of the new ventures in United Kingdom (UK) that have flourished in past years, some have proved to be very successful and rest are earning appropriate profit that can support their venture. United Supercars is a new venture in London, UK, which will focus on selling used supercars in the market at a premium price; since the company will target high profile elite customers. The supercars are very expensive and fast sports cars, which are marketed by automakers as limited production specials. The supercars have a standard look that is modified for enhancing power and performance of these cars. The cars are also customized according to the needs of target customers. However, United Supercars will sell used supercars in London, which will be brought in from Dubai (Wade and Hulland , 2004). In Dubai, supercars are manufactured by very few automakers who sell them at premium prices. The owners of supercars sell these cars after one or two uses and these are exported by Dubai automakers overseas (Connor and Dent, 2006). In London, demand for supercars is high since the young generation is equipped with car racing skills. The demand for supercars from Dubai has increased over the year (UAEInteract, 2014). The automakers in Dubai have realized that there have been 5.4% rise in sale of used supercars to London in 2012 (Auto Exhaust & Tyres, 2014). So, United Supercars has decided to import supercars from Dubai and sell them in London. The affluent families desire to own supercars to enhance their fashion statement. McLaren is a supercar, which is not generally seen on roads of UK since it is not relevant there. This car is exclusively manufactured for the races (Douglas, 2004). The

El Filibusterismo Essay Example for Free

El Filibusterismo Essay Thirteen years after leaving the Philippines, Crisostomo Ibarra returns as Simoun, a rich jeweler sporting a beard and blue-tinted glasses, and a confidant of the Captain-General. He cynically sides with the upper classes, encouraging them to commit abuses against the masses to encourage the latter to revolt against the oppressive Spanish colonial regime. His two reasons for instigating a revolution are at first, to rescue Marà ­a Clara from the convent and second, to get rid of ills and evils of Philippine society. His true identity is discovered by a now grown-up Basilio while visiting the grave of his mother, Sisa, as Simoun was digging near the grave site for his buried treasures. Simoun spares Basilio’s life and asks him to join in his planned revolution against the government, egging him on by bringing up the tragic misfortunes of the latters family. Basilio declines the offer as he still hopes that the country’s condition will improve. Basilio, at this point, is a graduating medical student at the Ateneo Municipal. After the death of his mother, Sisa, and the disappearance of his younger brother, Crispà ­n, Basilio heeded the advice of the dying boatman, Elà ­as, and traveled to Manila to study. Basilio was adopted by Captain Tiago after Marà ­a Clara entered the convent. Simoun, for his part, keeps in close contact with the bandit group of Kabesang Tales, a former cabeza de barangay who suffered misfortunes at the hands of the friars. He was forced to give everything he had owned to the greedy, unscrupulous Spanish friars and the Church. Before joining the bandits, Tales took Simoun’s revolver while Simoun was staying at his house for the night. As payment, Tales leaves a locket that once belonged to Marà ­a Clara. To further strengthen the revolution, Simoun has Quiroga, a Chinese man hoping to be appointed consul to the Philippines, smuggle weapons into the country using Quiroga’s bazaar as a front. Simoun wishes to attack during a stage play with all of his enemies in attendance. He, however, abruptly aborts the attack when he learns from Basilio that Marà ­a Clara had died earlier that day in the convent. A few days after the mock celebration by the stu dents, the people are agitated when disturbing posters are found displayed around the city. The authorities accuse the students present at the panciterà ­a of agitation and disturbing peace and has them arrested. Basilio, although not present at the mock celebration, is  also arrested. Captain Tiago dies after learning of the incident. But before he dies he signs a will. His will originally states that Basilio should inherit all his property but due to this forgery his property is given in parts, one to Santa Clara, one for the archbishop, one for the Pope, and one for the religious orders leaving nothing for Basilio to be inherited. Basilio is left in prison as the other students are released. Basilio is soon released with the help of Simoun. Basilio, now a changed man, and after hearing about Julà ®s suicide, finally joins Simoun’s revolution. Simoun then tells Basilio his plan at the wedding of Paulita Gà ³mez and Juanito, Basilio’s hunch-backed classmate. His plan was to conceal an explosive which contains nitroglycerin inside a pomegranate-styled Ker osene lamp that Simoun will give to the newlyweds as a gift during the wedding reception. According to Simoun, the lamp will stay lighted for only 20 minutes before it flickers; if someone attempts to turn the wick, it will explode and kill everyone—important members of civil society and the Church hierarchy—inside the house. Basilio has a change of heart and attempts to warn Isagani, his friend and the former boyfriend of Paulita. Simoun leaves the reception early as planned and leaves a note behind: Initially thinking that it was simply a bad joke, Father Salvà ­ recognizes the handwriting and confirms that it was indeed Ibarra’s. As people begin to panic, the lamp flickers. Father Irene tries to turn the wick up when Isagani, due to his undying love for Paulita, bursts in the room and throws the lamp into the river, sabotaging Simouns plans. He escapes by diving into the river as guards chase after him. He later regrets his impulsive action because he had contradicted his own belief that he loved his nation more than Paulita and that the explosion and revolution could have fulfilled his ideals for Filipino society. Simoun, now unmasked as the perpetrator of the attempted arson and failed revolution, becomes a fugitive. Wounded and exhausted after he was shot by the pursuing Guardia Civil, he seeks shelter at the home of Father Florentino, Isagani’s uncle, and comes under the care of doctor Tiburcio de Espadaà ±a, Doà ±a Victorinas husband, who was also hiding at the house. Simoun takes poison in order for him not to be captured alive. Before he dies, he reveals his real identity to Florentino while they exchange thoughts about the failure of his revolution and why God forsook him, when all he wanted was to avenge the people important to him that were wronged, such as Elias,  Maria Clara and his father, Don Rafael. Florentino opines that God did not forsake him and that his plans were not for the greater good but for personal gain. Simoun, finally accepting Florentino’s explanation, squeezes his hand and dies. Florentino then takes Simoun’s remaining jewels and throws them into the Pacific Ocean with the corals hoping that they would not be used by the greedy, and that when the time came that it would be used for the greater good.

Direct and Indirect Costs :: Economics

Direct and Indirect Costs Direct costs ============ An organisation can apportion the costs incurred in the production of products or services in either a direct or an indirect manner. The direct costs can be defined as being the amount materials actually cost plus any other directly linked costs, such as labour. (for Quirk, materials, electricity, labour employee and management, machine depreciation) Production materials, machine or assembly wages =============================================== 1. Labour and wages – the cost of obtaining, training and retaining labour is a significantly high cost which must be allocated to each unit of production. There are many legal obligations as well as social and welfare considerations, which add to this high costs total. In order to work out the exact labour and wages costs to be attributed to each unit of production, an organisation must take a careful study of the production process and allocate the appropriate expenses. If, for example, an individual earns  £10 per hour and processes 10 units during that hour, then  £1 of direct costs may simply be added to each unit. Unfortunately, things are not that simple. There are many other individual costs which an organisation must bear in the employment of individuals. These may include employer’s national insurance contributions, pension payments and insurance policy payments. In most organisations, labour and wage costs account for the majority of direct costs. 2. Materials – the costs of materials differ according to the sector in which an organisation operates. As organisation that operates in the primary sector has comparatively low material costs. At the other end of the scale, in the tertiary sector, the costs of finished goods to a retailer for example, will be extremely high. The principal elements that affect the costs of materials should be included in the organisation's overall budgetary controls. In addition, an organisation must also consider the cost of materials in relation to market demands, as these will inevitably cause periodic fluctuations in material costs. Only those materials that are actually used in the production of a product or service should be considered part of the cost of that product or service. Task 2 Page 2 Other consumables used by the organisation are classed as indirect costs and are considered under separate budgets. Indirect costs ================== (for Quirk, rent/rates, sales/ marketing/ insurance/ non-production depreciation management salaries) Indirect costs are costs incurred in the running of an organisation that cannot be easily apportioned to the production process.

Plastic Surgery

There are no secrets that the world is getting more open minded idea of plastic surgery. Cosmetic procedures become a trend among people who are seeking a way to improve their appearance, because everyone wants to be more attractive and pretty. In some countries, plastic surgeon is as common as supermarket. For example, Korea is number one in the world in term of plastic surgery. One of five Korean admitted that they have done cosmetic procedure. Because of the image centric culture in today’s society, more and more people tend to get plastic surgery in order to please the majority standards of beauty. Plastic surgery is just a swallow way in order to conform to this image centric society majority’s standards. People should not just only pursue the ephemeral appearance and overlook the permanent of inside beauty. Plastic surgery is an unnatural way to change people’s appearance. During the surgery, people can effectively improve their appearance in short time. The most common types of surgery such as Botox injection, breast lift and double eyelids surgery are the poplar surgeries that people usually get. Besides, cosmetic surgery is very costly. Surgeons need to spend around thousand dollars for every diagnosis. Furthermore, Cosmetic surgery is actually an operation. That mean the patients need to take risk on the surgery, and the surgery is not also 100 percent success. The operation is very painful and the patients need to take a long time to recover their body. In spite of all the risk they take and the expensive of the surgery, every year, there have uncountable people are still willing to take action on surgery in order to conform to someone else’s standards of beauty. This is what our society look like; the standards of beauty are completely twisted, people are more care about the appearance than their health. It is really understand some people try to get cosmetic surgery to improve their appearance because not t not everyone have an angel face when they born with. That is the reason that people just try to found a way to get satisfied about their appearance. Can we blame on the people who get plastic surgery? No, it is not their fault. This is actually the fault of our society, the fault of human concept. Because of our image centric society, people judge others just only form their appearance. People usually make fun on the person who is ugly or fat, and the ridiculous reason just because the person who born with an unperfected face. Some people are never know about how the disadvantage of an ugly face. Because of the pathological moral concept of this society, plastic surgery is the best way to help some people to conform to someone else’s standards of beauty. The sad thing is plastic surgery can just only change about people’s appearance, it cannot change people’s thought. What people should care more is the moral beauty more than the appearance. That is no reason for us to change our appearance and beauty standards just to conform to someone. The standard of beauty is just an indiscernible thing, and it should be more personal thing which belongs to you. The way to change people’s appearance is not to change about the out looking, is about how to change people’s thought. Plastic Surgery Name: Anna Teacher: Taliasin Subject: writing Date: March 22th 2013 Reseach Essay: Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic; plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. (Kita) There are two types of plastic surgery: cosmetic plastic surgery and reconstructive plastic surgery.Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and breaks; congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or cleft lips; developmental abnormalities; infection and disease; and cancer or tumors. Reconstructive plastic surgery is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance. Cosmetic su rgery involves techniques intend for the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques.It is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. Some common reconstructive surgical procedures include breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent. The most common reconstructive procedures are tumor removal, laceration repair, scar repair, hand surgery, and breast reduction plasty. Wikipedia) There are many types of cosmetic surgery, such as Tummy tuck, Eyelid surgery, Mammoplasty, Lower-body lift, Chemical peel, Labiaplasty, Nose job, Ear surgery, Facelift, Liposuction, Brow lift, Chin augmentation, Cheek augmentation, Cheek lift, Collagen injections and Fat injections, etc. (Nordqvist) And double eyelid surgery is the simplest cosmetic surgery. In A sia, may be a lot of people think that Koreans are the group of people who are most interested in cosmetic surgery. But this idea should be changed because there is data shows that cosmetic surgery in other countries is also very popular, especially in China and India.A few years ago, the international Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Association investigated the quantity of surgery and non-operative procedure face-lifting of 25 countries; the data include the 75% of the total global plastic surgery. The data shows, the plastic surgery number in America occupied 17. 5% of the total; Brazil is the second; and China's the third, occupied 12. 7% of the total; India followed it at fourth. It is important to note that Korea is famous for plastic surgery, but it is arranged at the seventh. Instead, China is the most popular country in cosmetic surgery.According to the article â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery†, China performs more cosmetic surgery than any country except America and Bra zil. It is worth $2. 4 billion. At least 1. 3m licensed procedures were carried out in 2010 in China. ((US))The development of cosmetic surgery is really rapidly because China is growing wealth and beauty is deemed an advantage in many competitive workplaces. People looking for a job have to submit a photograph with their application. People's Ninth Hospital is the busiest hospital for cosmetic surgery in Shanghai.There were 50,000 cosmetic operations in 2011, a 50% increase in five years. Most patients are 20s age. The three most common procedures they required are double eyelid surgery, liposuction and nose jobs. People who want to have plastic surgery need to assume risk because sometimes plastic surgery may fail and have serious consequences. Some people have a failing plastic surgery and spend more money to remedy it, but at last they still became disabled. A Chinese star who named Wang Bei has died because of cosmetic surgery.She wanted to have a facial bone grinding operation , but when she was having the surgery, the blood flow into her weasand. Although she was rescued as much as possible, she still died at last. This created a great sensation to the society. Tong Xiao is a 21-year-old student in the city of Hangzhou who deeply regrets her nose job. She spent 3,500 yuan to make her nose bigger by using silica gel before she went to university. But she soon felt uneasy about the cheap gel. A year later, she stole 10,000 yuan from her father to replace the gel with a material similar to Gore-Tex.Unfortunately, the second surgery failed. Ten months later her nose was too painful to touch. She had to keep telling herself that this is the price of beauty. There is some detailed information on the disadvantages of plastic surgery, such as complications, possibility of physical disability and addiction. (Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery) One of the most obvious shortcomings of plastic surgery is the risk of complications. Our body is sensitive, if something g oes wrong during or after the plastic surgery, it will result in an infection or illness.We also shouldn’t ignore the possibility of physical disability. If you become disabled, you will feel more painful than remaining your original appearance. In addition, some people may be addicted in plastic surgery. They look forward to change more parts of their body after they did it once successfully. However, since plastic surgery is so popular, it must have the advantages can attract people a lot. First of all, a beautiful appearance can improve one’s chances in the job market and help one’s career.Let us assume, some jobs related to public relations, mass media or other things require pleasant appearances, which may represent the image of the department or group, like airline stewardess and Miss Sales. In the second place, plastic surgery helps people gain confidence which makes them have more courage to do many things and enhance the probability of success. Because many people lack confidence for they don’t have good looks. Thirdly, with the development of technology and medical science, the risks and costs of plastic surgery can be minimized.And people won’t pay so much money to become more beautiful. Nowadays, public opinion for the cosmetic surgery has many different views. According to the survey analysis, the public opinion about cosmetic surgery can be classified into three types: one is support by action; the second is that people understand it but won’t do it themselves; the third is disagreeing with cosmetic surgery. The development of science and technology and change of notion of people respectively make cosmetic surgery more popular. Cosmetic surgery is wonderful and magical by using the technology and science to some extent.Some people choose cosmetic surgery because a beautiful appearance is their choice of purpose. Some people choose cosmetic surgery due to inborn or accident disfigurement of body. A few peo ple choose cosmetic surgery in order to look like their idol. Person who understands it but won’t do it themselves because people’s education and concept are changing as time goes by. So, most people accept this phenomenon calmly. They would not do it for the investigation of surgery and the damage of body. People who disagree with it because they think cosmetic surgery is really harmful for body.A person's appearance cannot represent his behavior, people’s inner is more important than his appearance. In my opinion, it depends on different conditions. Only people themselves can decide if plastic surgery is right for them. Meanwhile, they should know much information and think deliberately before they make a decision. In addition, having plastic surgery does not necessarily mean neglecting inner beauty. It is understood that some companies would not hire a person only with an appealing appearance but without enough capability.Real beauty is a combination of exter nal and internal beauty. It includes excellence behavior, character and education. Therefore, we should have confidence and be positive. Work cited BIBLIOGRAPHY (US), The Economist. â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery. † 12 May 2012. http://0-go. galegroup. com. ilsprod. lib. neu. edu/ps/infomark. do? sPage=52;userGroupName=mlin_b_northest;prodId=PROF;searchType=AdvancedSearchForm;queryId=Locale%28en%2CUS%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28sn%2C9%290013-0613%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28vo%2C3%29403%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28sp%2C. Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery. † n. d. http://lifestyle. iloveindia. com/lounge/disadvantages-of-plastic-surgery-5535. html. Kita, Natalie. â€Å"What is Plastic Surgery? † 10 March 2009. http://plasticsurgery. about. com/od/historyofplasticsurgery/a/what_is_PS. htm. NordqvistChristian. â€Å"What Is Cosmetic Surgery? What Is Plastic Surgery? † 2009 ? Jun? 30 ?. http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/155757. php. Wikipedia. â€Å"Reconstructive surgery. â₠¬  27 February 2013. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reconstructive_surgery. Plastic Surgery There are no secrets that the world is getting more open minded idea of plastic surgery. Cosmetic procedures become a trend among people who are seeking a way to improve their appearance, because everyone wants to be more attractive and pretty. In some countries, plastic surgeon is as common as supermarket. For example, Korea is number one in the world in term of plastic surgery. One of five Korean admitted that they have done cosmetic procedure. Because of the image centric culture in today’s society, more and more people tend to get plastic surgery in order to please the majority standards of beauty. Plastic surgery is just a swallow way in order to conform to this image centric society majority’s standards. People should not just only pursue the ephemeral appearance and overlook the permanent of inside beauty. Plastic surgery is an unnatural way to change people’s appearance. During the surgery, people can effectively improve their appearance in short time. The most common types of surgery such as Botox injection, breast lift and double eyelids surgery are the poplar surgeries that people usually get. Besides, cosmetic surgery is very costly. Surgeons need to spend around thousand dollars for every diagnosis. Furthermore, Cosmetic surgery is actually an operation. That mean the patients need to take risk on the surgery, and the surgery is not also 100 percent success. The operation is very painful and the patients need to take a long time to recover their body. In spite of all the risk they take and the expensive of the surgery, every year, there have uncountable people are still willing to take action on surgery in order to conform to someone else’s standards of beauty. This is what our society look like; the standards of beauty are completely twisted, people are more care about the appearance than their health. It is really understand some people try to get cosmetic surgery to improve their appearance because not t not everyone have an angel face when they born with. That is the reason that people just try to found a way to get satisfied about their appearance. Can we blame on the people who get plastic surgery? No, it is not their fault. This is actually the fault of our society, the fault of human concept. Because of our image centric society, people judge others just only form their appearance. People usually make fun on the person who is ugly or fat, and the ridiculous reason just because the person who born with an unperfected face. Some people are never know about how the disadvantage of an ugly face. Because of the pathological moral concept of this society, plastic surgery is the best way to help some people to conform to someone else’s standards of beauty. The sad thing is plastic surgery can just only change about people’s appearance, it cannot change people’s thought. What people should care more is the moral beauty more than the appearance. That is no reason for us to change our appearance and beauty standards just to conform to someone. The standard of beauty is just an indiscernible thing, and it should be more personal thing which belongs to you. The way to change people’s appearance is not to change about the out looking, is about how to change people’s thought. Plastic Surgery Name: Anna Teacher: Taliasin Subject: writing Date: March 22th 2013 Reseach Essay: Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic; plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. (Kita) There are two types of plastic surgery: cosmetic plastic surgery and reconstructive plastic surgery.Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and breaks; congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or cleft lips; developmental abnormalities; infection and disease; and cancer or tumors. Reconstructive plastic surgery is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance. Cosmetic su rgery involves techniques intend for the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques.It is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. Some common reconstructive surgical procedures include breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent. The most common reconstructive procedures are tumor removal, laceration repair, scar repair, hand surgery, and breast reduction plasty. Wikipedia) There are many types of cosmetic surgery, such as Tummy tuck, Eyelid surgery, Mammoplasty, Lower-body lift, Chemical peel, Labiaplasty, Nose job, Ear surgery, Facelift, Liposuction, Brow lift, Chin augmentation, Cheek augmentation, Cheek lift, Collagen injections and Fat injections, etc. (Nordqvist) And double eyelid surgery is the simplest cosmetic surgery. In A sia, may be a lot of people think that Koreans are the group of people who are most interested in cosmetic surgery. But this idea should be changed because there is data shows that cosmetic surgery in other countries is also very popular, especially in China and India.A few years ago, the international Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Association investigated the quantity of surgery and non-operative procedure face-lifting of 25 countries; the data include the 75% of the total global plastic surgery. The data shows, the plastic surgery number in America occupied 17. 5% of the total; Brazil is the second; and China's the third, occupied 12. 7% of the total; India followed it at fourth. It is important to note that Korea is famous for plastic surgery, but it is arranged at the seventh. Instead, China is the most popular country in cosmetic surgery.According to the article â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery†, China performs more cosmetic surgery than any country except America and Bra zil. It is worth $2. 4 billion. At least 1. 3m licensed procedures were carried out in 2010 in China. ((US))The development of cosmetic surgery is really rapidly because China is growing wealth and beauty is deemed an advantage in many competitive workplaces. People looking for a job have to submit a photograph with their application. People's Ninth Hospital is the busiest hospital for cosmetic surgery in Shanghai.There were 50,000 cosmetic operations in 2011, a 50% increase in five years. Most patients are 20s age. The three most common procedures they required are double eyelid surgery, liposuction and nose jobs. People who want to have plastic surgery need to assume risk because sometimes plastic surgery may fail and have serious consequences. Some people have a failing plastic surgery and spend more money to remedy it, but at last they still became disabled. A Chinese star who named Wang Bei has died because of cosmetic surgery.She wanted to have a facial bone grinding operation , but when she was having the surgery, the blood flow into her weasand. Although she was rescued as much as possible, she still died at last. This created a great sensation to the society. Tong Xiao is a 21-year-old student in the city of Hangzhou who deeply regrets her nose job. She spent 3,500 yuan to make her nose bigger by using silica gel before she went to university. But she soon felt uneasy about the cheap gel. A year later, she stole 10,000 yuan from her father to replace the gel with a material similar to Gore-Tex.Unfortunately, the second surgery failed. Ten months later her nose was too painful to touch. She had to keep telling herself that this is the price of beauty. There is some detailed information on the disadvantages of plastic surgery, such as complications, possibility of physical disability and addiction. (Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery) One of the most obvious shortcomings of plastic surgery is the risk of complications. Our body is sensitive, if something g oes wrong during or after the plastic surgery, it will result in an infection or illness.We also shouldn’t ignore the possibility of physical disability. If you become disabled, you will feel more painful than remaining your original appearance. In addition, some people may be addicted in plastic surgery. They look forward to change more parts of their body after they did it once successfully. However, since plastic surgery is so popular, it must have the advantages can attract people a lot. First of all, a beautiful appearance can improve one’s chances in the job market and help one’s career.Let us assume, some jobs related to public relations, mass media or other things require pleasant appearances, which may represent the image of the department or group, like airline stewardess and Miss Sales. In the second place, plastic surgery helps people gain confidence which makes them have more courage to do many things and enhance the probability of success. Because many people lack confidence for they don’t have good looks. Thirdly, with the development of technology and medical science, the risks and costs of plastic surgery can be minimized.And people won’t pay so much money to become more beautiful. Nowadays, public opinion for the cosmetic surgery has many different views. According to the survey analysis, the public opinion about cosmetic surgery can be classified into three types: one is support by action; the second is that people understand it but won’t do it themselves; the third is disagreeing with cosmetic surgery. The development of science and technology and change of notion of people respectively make cosmetic surgery more popular. Cosmetic surgery is wonderful and magical by using the technology and science to some extent.Some people choose cosmetic surgery because a beautiful appearance is their choice of purpose. Some people choose cosmetic surgery due to inborn or accident disfigurement of body. A few peo ple choose cosmetic surgery in order to look like their idol. Person who understands it but won’t do it themselves because people’s education and concept are changing as time goes by. So, most people accept this phenomenon calmly. They would not do it for the investigation of surgery and the damage of body. People who disagree with it because they think cosmetic surgery is really harmful for body.A person's appearance cannot represent his behavior, people’s inner is more important than his appearance. In my opinion, it depends on different conditions. Only people themselves can decide if plastic surgery is right for them. Meanwhile, they should know much information and think deliberately before they make a decision. In addition, having plastic surgery does not necessarily mean neglecting inner beauty. It is understood that some companies would not hire a person only with an appealing appearance but without enough capability.Real beauty is a combination of exter nal and internal beauty. It includes excellence behavior, character and education. Therefore, we should have confidence and be positive. Work cited BIBLIOGRAPHY (US), The Economist. â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery. † 12 May 2012. http://0-go. galegroup. com. ilsprod. lib. neu. edu/ps/infomark. do? sPage=52;userGroupName=mlin_b_northest;prodId=PROF;searchType=AdvancedSearchForm;queryId=Locale%28en%2CUS%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28sn%2C9%290013-0613%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28vo%2C3%29403%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28sp%2C. Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery. † n. d. http://lifestyle. iloveindia. com/lounge/disadvantages-of-plastic-surgery-5535. html. Kita, Natalie. â€Å"What is Plastic Surgery? † 10 March 2009. http://plasticsurgery. about. com/od/historyofplasticsurgery/a/what_is_PS. htm. NordqvistChristian. â€Å"What Is Cosmetic Surgery? What Is Plastic Surgery? † 2009 ? Jun? 30 ?. http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/155757. php. Wikipedia. â€Å"Reconstructive surgery. â₠¬  27 February 2013. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reconstructive_surgery. Plastic Surgery Name: Anna Teacher: Taliasin Subject: writing Date: March 22th 2013 Reseach Essay: Plastic Surgery Plastic surgery Plastic surgery is a medical specialty concerned with the correction or restoration of form and function. Though cosmetic or aesthetic surgery is the best-known kind of plastic surgery, most plastic surgery is not cosmetic; plastic surgery includes many types of reconstructive surgery, hand surgery, microsurgery, and the treatment of burns. (Kita) There are two types of plastic surgery: cosmetic plastic surgery and reconstructive plastic surgery.Reconstructive plastic surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns; traumatic injuries, such as facial bone fractures and breaks; congenital abnormalities, such as cleft palates or cleft lips; developmental abnormalities; infection and disease; and cancer or tumors. Reconstructive plastic surgery is usually performed to improve function, but it may be done to approximate a normal appearance. Cosmetic su rgery involves techniques intend for the enhancement of appearance through surgical and medical techniques.It is specifically concerned with maintaining normal appearance, restoring it, or enhancing it beyond the average level toward some aesthetic ideal. Some common reconstructive surgical procedures include breast reconstruction after a mastectomy, cleft lip and palate surgery, contracture surgery for burn survivors, and creating a new outer ear when one is congenitally absent. The most common reconstructive procedures are tumor removal, laceration repair, scar repair, hand surgery, and breast reduction plasty. Wikipedia) There are many types of cosmetic surgery, such as Tummy tuck, Eyelid surgery, Mammoplasty, Lower-body lift, Chemical peel, Labiaplasty, Nose job, Ear surgery, Facelift, Liposuction, Brow lift, Chin augmentation, Cheek augmentation, Cheek lift, Collagen injections and Fat injections, etc. (Nordqvist) And double eyelid surgery is the simplest cosmetic surgery. In A sia, may be a lot of people think that Koreans are the group of people who are most interested in cosmetic surgery. But this idea should be changed because there is data shows that cosmetic surgery in other countries is also very popular, especially in China and India.A few years ago, the international Cosmetic Plastic Surgery Association investigated the quantity of surgery and non-operative procedure face-lifting of 25 countries; the data include the 75% of the total global plastic surgery. The data shows, the plastic surgery number in America occupied 17. 5% of the total; Brazil is the second; and China's the third, occupied 12. 7% of the total; India followed it at fourth. It is important to note that Korea is famous for plastic surgery, but it is arranged at the seventh. Instead, China is the most popular country in cosmetic surgery.According to the article â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery†, China performs more cosmetic surgery than any country except America and Bra zil. It is worth $2. 4 billion. At least 1. 3m licensed procedures were carried out in 2010 in China. ((US))The development of cosmetic surgery is really rapidly because China is growing wealth and beauty is deemed an advantage in many competitive workplaces. People looking for a job have to submit a photograph with their application. People's Ninth Hospital is the busiest hospital for cosmetic surgery in Shanghai.There were 50,000 cosmetic operations in 2011, a 50% increase in five years. Most patients are 20s age. The three most common procedures they required are double eyelid surgery, liposuction and nose jobs. People who want to have plastic surgery need to assume risk because sometimes plastic surgery may fail and have serious consequences. Some people have a failing plastic surgery and spend more money to remedy it, but at last they still became disabled. A Chinese star who named Wang Bei has died because of cosmetic surgery.She wanted to have a facial bone grinding operation , but when she was having the surgery, the blood flow into her weasand. Although she was rescued as much as possible, she still died at last. This created a great sensation to the society. Tong Xiao is a 21-year-old student in the city of Hangzhou who deeply regrets her nose job. She spent 3,500 yuan to make her nose bigger by using silica gel before she went to university. But she soon felt uneasy about the cheap gel. A year later, she stole 10,000 yuan from her father to replace the gel with a material similar to Gore-Tex.Unfortunately, the second surgery failed. Ten months later her nose was too painful to touch. She had to keep telling herself that this is the price of beauty. There is some detailed information on the disadvantages of plastic surgery, such as complications, possibility of physical disability and addiction. (Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery) One of the most obvious shortcomings of plastic surgery is the risk of complications. Our body is sensitive, if something g oes wrong during or after the plastic surgery, it will result in an infection or illness.We also shouldn’t ignore the possibility of physical disability. If you become disabled, you will feel more painful than remaining your original appearance. In addition, some people may be addicted in plastic surgery. They look forward to change more parts of their body after they did it once successfully. However, since plastic surgery is so popular, it must have the advantages can attract people a lot. First of all, a beautiful appearance can improve one’s chances in the job market and help one’s career.Let us assume, some jobs related to public relations, mass media or other things require pleasant appearances, which may represent the image of the department or group, like airline stewardess and Miss Sales. In the second place, plastic surgery helps people gain confidence which makes them have more courage to do many things and enhance the probability of success. Because many people lack confidence for they don’t have good looks. Thirdly, with the development of technology and medical science, the risks and costs of plastic surgery can be minimized.And people won’t pay so much money to become more beautiful. Nowadays, public opinion for the cosmetic surgery has many different views. According to the survey analysis, the public opinion about cosmetic surgery can be classified into three types: one is support by action; the second is that people understand it but won’t do it themselves; the third is disagreeing with cosmetic surgery. The development of science and technology and change of notion of people respectively make cosmetic surgery more popular. Cosmetic surgery is wonderful and magical by using the technology and science to some extent.Some people choose cosmetic surgery because a beautiful appearance is their choice of purpose. Some people choose cosmetic surgery due to inborn or accident disfigurement of body. A few peo ple choose cosmetic surgery in order to look like their idol. Person who understands it but won’t do it themselves because people’s education and concept are changing as time goes by. So, most people accept this phenomenon calmly. They would not do it for the investigation of surgery and the damage of body. People who disagree with it because they think cosmetic surgery is really harmful for body.A person's appearance cannot represent his behavior, people’s inner is more important than his appearance. In my opinion, it depends on different conditions. Only people themselves can decide if plastic surgery is right for them. Meanwhile, they should know much information and think deliberately before they make a decision. In addition, having plastic surgery does not necessarily mean neglecting inner beauty. It is understood that some companies would not hire a person only with an appealing appearance but without enough capability.Real beauty is a combination of exter nal and internal beauty. It includes excellence behavior, character and education. Therefore, we should have confidence and be positive. Work cited BIBLIOGRAPHY (US), The Economist. â€Å"Nip and tuck; cosmetic surgery. † 12 May 2012. http://0-go. galegroup. com. ilsprod. lib. neu. edu/ps/infomark. do? sPage=52;userGroupName=mlin_b_northest;prodId=PROF;searchType=AdvancedSearchForm;queryId=Locale%28en%2CUS%2C%29%3AFQE%3D%28sn%2C9%290013-0613%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28vo%2C3%29403%3AAnd%3AFQE%3D%28sp%2C. Disadvantages Of Plastic Surgery. † n. d. http://lifestyle. iloveindia. com/lounge/disadvantages-of-plastic-surgery-5535. html. Kita, Natalie. â€Å"What is Plastic Surgery? † 10 March 2009. http://plasticsurgery. about. com/od/historyofplasticsurgery/a/what_is_PS. htm. NordqvistChristian. â€Å"What Is Cosmetic Surgery? What Is Plastic Surgery? † 2009 ? Jun? 30 ?. http://www. medicalnewstoday. com/articles/155757. php. Wikipedia. â€Å"Reconstructive surgery. â₠¬  27 February 2013. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Reconstructive_surgery.